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1974年Ellouz等采用环丝氨酸抑制细胞壁的生物合成,使核苷酸前体积聚,从而得到N-乙酰胞壁酰三肽。以后Merser等成功地合成了结构更简单的最小有效结构,称为N-乙酰胞壁酰-L-丙氨酰-D-异谷氨酰胺(胞壁酰二肽),简称MDP。随后,Chedid等发现,注射或口服MDP盐水溶液也有生物学活性,于是引起医学界的注意。但后来发现MDP有某些副作用,如热原性、短暂白细胞减少、血小板溶解以及对内毒素不能产生敏感作用等,因而许多学者试图修饰其结构以减少副作用,保持或提高佐剂活性。据报道,迄今已经合成数百种MDP的相似物和衍生物(统称MDPs)在免疫学功能和应用实验等方面不断取得令人鼓舞的新进展。 MDP的生物学作用是较广泛的,归纳起来主要有三点。
In 1974, Ellouz et al. Used cycloserine to inhibit the cell wall biosynthesis and accumulate the nucleotide precursors to obtain N-acetylmuramyl tripeptide. Later, Merser et al. Successfully synthesized a simpler structure with the simplest structure, called N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide), referred to as MDP. Subsequently, Chedid et al. Found that injected or oral MDP saline solution is also biologically active, thus drawing the medical community’s attention. However, MDP was later found to have some side effects such as pyrogenicity, transient leucopenia, platelet lysis and endotoxin can not have a sensitive role, and so many scholars tried to modify its structure to reduce the side effects, maintain or improve adjuvant activity. It has been reported that so far, hundreds of analogs and derivatives of MDP (collectively MDPs) have been synthesized to make encouraging new progress in immunological functions and application experiments. The biological role of MDP is more extensive, summed up the main three points.