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在高速切削各种塑性金属时,所用的断屑器有很多种构造形式。大多数断屑器都是使原来为带状的切屑在排出路途中再一次变形而折断成碎块或捲曲成螺旋捲;并且这个折断或捲曲的过程,通常都是在大致与切削速度方向相重合的平面内发生的。目前所用的一些断屑器的构造(可调整的断屑器、銲於刀具前面上的断屑器等)都会增加在刀具前面上的切向力;因此就要增加切削抗力,加大刀具所受的载荷,并且会增加所需的动力,产生震动,以及打坏刀尖等。此外,上述断屑器的构造复杂,并且在大量生产条件下不能长期使用。莫斯科航空学院‘切削、机床与工具’教研组的全体人员与工厂工作者相结合,曾经设计並在生产中运用过几种特殊构造断屑器,这些断屑器应用於外圆纵车刀、镗刀、及端面车刀。
In the high-speed cutting of all kinds of plastic metal, the chip breaker used in many forms of construction. Most chip breaker is the original ribbon-like chips in the discharge path once again deformed and broken into pieces or curly into a spiral coil; and the breaking or curling process, usually in the general phase and the cutting speed direction Occurrence of coincidence in the plane. Some of the currently used chip breaker configurations (adjustable chip breaker, chip breaker welded on the front of the cutter, etc.) increase the tangential force on the front of the cutter; therefore, it is necessary to increase the cutting resistance and increase the tooling By the load, and will increase the required power, resulting in vibration, as well as damage to the tip and so on. In addition, the chip breaker described above is complicated in construction and can not be used for a long period of time under mass production conditions. The combined staff and faculty of the Moscow Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ’cutting, machine tools and tools’ teaching and research team combined the design and production of several specially designed chip breakers for the use of external vertical turning tools, boring Knife, and face turning tool.