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目的了解宁波地区高中生肺结核防治KAP及其影响因素,为有效开展肺结核健康教育提供依据。方法从宁波地区11个县区随机选取2所中学(城、乡各1所)作为初级抽样单位,以班为单位,随机抽取高一、高二各1个班级作为次级抽样单位。调查对象为所抽取班级的全部在读学生。使用统一设计的调查问卷,共发出问卷1760份,回收有效答卷1702份。结果高中生知晓率较高的有是否听说过肺结核(94.56%)、肺结核有无传染性(83.28%),知晓率较低的有咳嗽咳痰3周以上应考虑肺结核(18.42%)、专门诊治/免费检查/免费治疗肺结核的地方(<30%);正确态度较高的有是否愿意将有关肺结核防治的知识介绍给别人、是否愿意接受有关肺结核病的检查和是否愿意接受肺结核的预防性治疗(均>80%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,影响高中生肺结核病防治知识得分的主要因素为广播宣传、宣传材料、宣传栏和听别人讲。结论宁波地区高中生对肺结核病的知识、态度与行为还有待改善,应进一步加强健康教育的力度。
Objective To understand the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (KAP) in high school students in Ningbo and its influential factors, so as to provide basis for effectively carrying out tuberculosis health education. Methods Two middle schools (one city and one township) were randomly selected from 11 counties and districts of Ningbo as primary sampling units. One class of high and one high school was randomly selected as the secondary sampling unit by unit of class. Subjects surveyed were all students in the extracted class. Using a unified design of the questionnaire, a total of 1760 questionnaires were issued, and the effective questionnaires were recovered in 1702 copies. Results There was a high rate of awareness of high school students whether they had heard of tuberculosis (94.56%), tuberculosis (83.28%), lower awareness of cough and sputum should be considered more than 3 weeks of tuberculosis (18.42%), specialized (<30%) for diagnosis and treatment / free checkup / free treatment of tuberculosis; if there is a high-level attitude, are they willing to introduce the knowledge about tuberculosis prevention and control to others, are they willing to accept the examination about tuberculosis and are willing to accept the preventive measures for tuberculosis? Treatment (all> 80%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors influencing high school students’knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control were radio propaganda, propaganda materials, billboards and listening to others. Conclusion The knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of TB students in Ningbo area need to be improved. Health education should be further strengthened.