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遵化市是国家级苹果基地,近年来果园面积逐年扩大,现就越冬苹果树发生冻害的原因、症状及解决对策分析如下,以供广大果农参考。一、冻害原因1.气象因子主要是两个:一是低温强度和低温持续时间,当低温强度大和低温持续时间长时,易发生冻害,这种冻害多半有规律性。一般10年一大冻,5年一小冻。根据冻害周期加强防御。二是季节交替时期的剧烈变温,如秋末冬初的寒流造成剧烈降温和冬末春初的回寒。2.植物学因子①不同生育期如休眠期初或萌动期初。②不同器官如根系、根颈部、芽、新梢。③树势强弱树势过旺,枝条贪青徒长,组织不充
Zunhua City is a national apple base. In recent years, the area of orchards has been expanding year by year. The causes, symptoms and countermeasures of overwintering apple trees are as follows, which are for the reference of the majority of farmers. First, the cause of frost damage 1. Meteorological factors are mainly two: First, low temperature strength and low temperature duration, when the low temperature strength and low temperature duration, prone to frost damage, the frost damage most of the regularity. A general freeze in 10 years, a small freeze in 5 years. According to freeze cycle to strengthen defense. Second, the dramatic seasonal changes in the period of change, such as early autumn and winter early winter caused severe cooling and late winter and early spring back to the cold. 2. Botanical factors ① different growth stages such as early dormancy or early germination. ② different organs such as roots, roots and neck, buds, shoots. ③ tree vigor and weakness of the tree vigor over branches, branches lean long, tissue is not full