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早在1897年,J. B. Hannay与J. Hogarth就已经发现超临界状态的压缩气体对于固体的特殊溶解作用,在高于临界点的条件下,金属卤化物能分别溶于乙醇或四氯化碳。通过后继的研究工作进一步发现,具有可变密度、介电常数与溶解效能的高压超临界流体C_2H_4、CO_2、NH_3、Cl_2、F_2等,足以作为一种重要的反应介质和溶剂。研究超临界流体理论,对于高压合成氨、甲醇、醋酸、聚乙烯以及羰基合成、费-托合成等工业过程都有意义。超临界流体和液体一样,能溶解固体。在超临界流体介质中,难挥发物质显著地转入流体相。固体对碘氯苯在常压、15℃下,在乙烯
As early as 1897, J. B. Hannay and J. Hogarth have found that the supercritical compressed gas has a special solid-state dissolving effect. Metal halides can be dissolved in ethanol or carbon tetrachloride, respectively, above the critical point. Through further research work, it is further found that C_2H_4, CO_2, NH_3, Cl_2, F_2 and other high-pressure supercritical fluids with variable density, dielectric constant and solubility can be used as an important reaction medium and solvent. The study of the theory of supercritical fluid is of great significance to industrial processes such as high pressure synthesis of ammonia, methanol, acetic acid, polyethylene and carbonyl synthesis, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Like supercritical fluids, liquids can dissolve solids. In a supercritical fluid medium, the less volatile material is significantly diverted into the fluid phase. The solid o-iodochlorobenzene is at atmospheric pressure at 15 ° C in ethylene