论文部分内容阅读
列宁说:“煤是工业的面包。”可是今天煤的工业用途,不仅供给动力,而且还供给许许多多贵重的工业原料。本文首先略述煤的形成,之後主要就介绍三种煤的加工方法,和它们的产品:一、焦化——高温乾馏,就是普通所说的炼焦。这种加工除炼成焦炭外,还可以收集挥发物再来加工,制成很多种工业的化学和药剂等原料。二、半焦化——低温乾馏。生成的半焦炭可作家庭燃料,水煤氣、活性炭的原料。乾馏出来的煤焦油,又可以从中提出优良的液體燃料。三、氢化——加氢液化。把煤在一定的温度和压力下加进氢去,使它们起作用,生成液體的碳氢化合物,大部分可做燃料油用,小部分可作润滑油用。最後,提出“煤的地下氣化”这个问题,文中说明苏联已将这个理想实现,节省了巨大的势力,并且将要建立一个世界上最大的地下煤气站,这些先进的科学技术,都值得我们学习的。
Lenin said: “Coal is industrial bread.” But today’s industrial use of coal not only supplies power, but also supplies many valuable industrial raw materials. This article first describes the formation of coal, and then mainly introduces three kinds of coal processing methods, and their products: First, coking - high-temperature distillation, is commonly referred to as coking. In addition to coke refining, this process can also collect volatiles and process them to produce a wide variety of industrial raw materials such as chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Second, semi-coking - low-temperature dry distillation. The resulting coke can be used as a fuel for home fuel, water gas, and activated carbon. The dry distillation of coal tar can in turn provide excellent liquid fuels. Third, hydrogenation - hydrogenation liquefaction. The coal is added to hydrogen at a certain temperature and pressure to make them work, producing liquid hydrocarbons, most of which can be used as fuel oil, and a small part can be used as lubricant oil. Finally, the issue of “underground coal gasification” was proposed. The article states that the Soviet Union has realized this ideal, saved enormous forces, and will establish a world’s largest underground gas station. These advanced science and technology are worth learning. of.