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目的了解乐都县某镇蔬菜大棚中农药的使用情况。方法 2014年8月选择乐都县某镇常住5年以上的非流动人口为研究对象,采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取267名大棚种植者进行问卷调查。结果共收集有效问卷249份,有效回收率为93.26%;存在大棚农药使用率高,使用率最高的为高效氯氟氰菊酯(30.50%),使用种类多,含有机磷、有机氯和菊酯类共10种农药,还存在使用国家明令禁止的高毒农药,近80.00%的种植者混配过农药;农药主要在乡村农药零售店获取,获取途径在性别间有统计学意义(P<0.05),相关部门很少到当地做农药的相关宣传和培训。结论乐都县某镇大棚农药使用率高,使用种类多,还存在使用国家明令禁止的高毒农药,农药混配情况严重,应以村为单位,定期、经常性开展农药安全使用培训,增加农民的农药知识,引导农民积极实行病虫害的综合防治,科学使用农药。
Objective To understand the use of pesticides in vegetable greenhouses in a town of Ledu County. Methods In August 2014, a total of 267 greenhouse growers were selected by cluster random sampling method to select the non-floating population who lived for more than 5 years in a town of Ledu County for questionnaire survey. Results A total of 249 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 93.26%. There was a high utilization rate of pesticides in greenhouses and the highest utilization rate was lambda-cyhalothrin (30.50%). Various types of pesticides were used, including organophosphorus, organochlorine and chrysanthemum There are 10 types of pesticides in the pesticide market. There are also highly toxic pesticides banned by the state and nearly 80.00% of the growers are mixed pesticides. The pesticides are mainly obtained from the rural pesticide retailers, and the access routes are statistically significant between the sexes (P < 0.05), the relevant departments seldom to do the local publicity and training of pesticides. Conclusion There is a high use rate of pesticides in greenhouse in a town in Ledu County. There are also many kinds of pesticides used in greenhouses in Ledu County. There are also highly toxic pesticides that are banned by the state. There is serious mixed pesticide application. Training on the safe use of pesticides should be carried out on a regular and regular basis in villages Peasants knowledge of pesticides and guide farmers to actively implement the comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases, the scientific use of pesticides.