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金刚石晶莹剔透,光彩夺目,是为世人梦寐以求的宝石之最。但是,金刚石除了能唤起人们的神秘感和浪漫情怀之外,它还具有其另外的世俗之一面:在工业上使用。金刚石的非凡硬度,使其在切割和打磨其他硬质材料、增强制造工具的耐久性方面,具有无可替代的地位。 乍看一粒金刚石,很难令人相信,其生成物质与一支石墨铅笔芯、一块松软的煤炭没有两样。金刚石的碳原子按刚硬的晶体结构排列,而石墨的碳原子却形成光滑扁平的薄片。 1955年,美国通用电气公司的科学家通过对石墨施加极高压力的方法,首次制得合成金刚石。用这种方法制成的金刚石,像砂粒一样细微,所以其最好的工业用途是作磨料。 但是,金刚石作为一种切割工具,亦非万能。比方说,用金刚石切割钢就不太顶用。钢基本是铁与碳的混合体,遇到高温,铁就变得像吸附碳的海绵一般,与金刚石中的碳
Diamond crystal clear, dazzling, is the world’s most sought-after gems. However, in addition to being able to arouse people’s mystique and romance, diamond has its own other secular aspect: it is used industrially. The extraordinary hardness of diamond makes it an irreplaceable role in cutting and sanding other hard materials and enhancing the durability of manufacturing tools. At first glance, a diamond, it is hard to believe that its material and a graphite pencil core, a piece of soft coal is no different. The carbon atoms of diamond are arranged in a rigid crystal structure while the carbon atoms of graphite form a smooth and flat sheet. In 1955, General Electric Company scientists first made synthetic diamond by applying extreme pressure on graphite. Made of diamond in this way, as fine as sand, so its best for industrial use is abrasive. However, diamond is not a panacea as a cutting tool. For example, cutting steel with diamond is less useful. Steel is basically a mixture of iron and carbon, in the face of high temperatures, iron becomes like a carbon sponge adsorption in general, and diamond carbon