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为了明确河北省冬小麦田杂草的群落组成和结构,采用倒置“W”取样法对河北省7个地区146块冬小麦田的杂草进行了调查和物种多样性测度。结果显示,河北省冬小麦田有61种杂草,隶属于21科53属,播娘蒿、打碗花、荠菜、麦瓶草和麦家公是河北省冬小麦田的优势杂草。保定地区麦田杂草群落的物种丰富度最大;沧州地区麦田杂草群落的Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数最大;廊坊地区麦田杂草群落的Gleason指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数最小,优势草种比较突出。经聚类分析和主成分分析,河北省冬小麦田杂草群落分为3组:石家庄、保定、邢台和廊坊的麦田杂草群落中耐旱杂草的相对多度较高;沧州和衡水的麦田杂草群落中耐盐杂草的相对多度较高;邯郸的麦田杂草群落中喜湿杂草的相对多度较高。说明土壤的盐度和湿度是影响河北省冬小麦田杂草群落组成的主要生态因子。
In order to clarify the composition and structure of weeds in the winter wheat field in Hebei Province, we investigated the weed species and species diversity of 146 winter wheat fields in 7 areas of Hebei Province by using the inverted “W” sampling method. The results showed that there were 61 weeds in winter wheat field in Hebei Province, belonging to 21 families and 53 genera. Sowing Artemisia annua, bowl flower, shepherd’s purse, weed and wheat were the dominant weeds in winter wheat field in Hebei Province. The weed community in Baoding was the largest with the highest Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index in the weed community; the Gleason index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were lowest in the weed community in Langfang, More prominent. According to cluster analysis and principal component analysis, the weed communities in winter wheat field of Hebei Province were divided into three groups: the relative abundance of drought-tolerant weeds was higher in weed communities of Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Xingtai and Langfang; The relative abundance of salt-tolerant weeds in weed communities was higher; the relative abundance of weeds in weed communities in Handan was higher. Indicating that soil salinity and humidity are the main ecological factors affecting the composition of weed communities in winter wheat field in Hebei Province.