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逻辑学是研究思维的形式与规律的一门科学,它与语言表达有密切的联系,在小学语文基础训练中就安排了一定份量的逻辑训练。 一、有关“概念”的逻辑训练 思维就是动脑筋想问题,它的形式主要有概念、判断、推理几种。概念是反映客观事物本质属性的思维形式,概念所反映的事物的本质属性叫概念的“内涵”,具有概念所反映的本质属性的事物叫概念的“外延”。例如“武器”这一概念,其内涵是“用以杀伤敌人,保护自己的工具”,包含在其外延之内的有:大刀、长矛、箭、枪、炮、原子弹等等。有关明确概念的训练很多,如第三册基础训练12中要求学生填出“有关炊事用具的(词语)”、“有关体育用品的(词语)”,就是通过训练来明确概念的外延。
Logic is a science that studies the form and law of thinking. It is closely related to language expression. A certain amount of logic training is arranged in the basic language training of elementary schools. First, the “concept” of the logical training Thinking is to use the brain to think of the problem, its form is mainly the concept, judgment, reasoning several. Concept is a thinking form that reflects the essential attribute of objective things. The essential attribute of the concept reflected by the concept is the “connotation” of the concept, and the thing with the essential attribute reflected by the concept is the “extension” of the concept. For example, the concept of “weapons” is connotation of “a tool for killing and protecting the enemy and protecting oneself.” Included in its extension are: large swords, spears, arrows, guns, guns, atomic bombs, and so on. There is a lot of training on specific concepts. For example, in the basic training of the third volume, students are required to fill out “words” related to cooking utensils and “words related to sporting goods”. This is to clarify the extension of concepts through training.