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炎症性肠病（IBD）是一类异质性的慢性弥漫性肠道炎症，疾病发生发展与免疫失调密切相关。树突状细胞（DC）在黏膜免疫中起到重要的作用，生理状态下可发挥免疫耐受功能，但在IBD中会抑制免疫耐受并触发过度的炎性免疫反应。然而DC的免疫失衡作用及其进一步启动的免疫信号通路尚不明确。RhoA作为免疫细胞分化和功能的关键调节剂，与DC的形态、增殖、抗原摄取、细胞迁移及抗原提呈等功能密切相关，RhoA信号通路异常可能影响DC的功能变化。本文针对DC及细胞内RhoA信号通路在IBD发病中的作用进行综述，希望对临床治疗有所启发和帮助。“,”Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a kind of heterogeneous chronic diffuse intestinal inflammation. The development and progression of IBD are closely related to immune disorders. Dendritic cell (DC) plays an important role in mucosal immunity and can exert immune tolerance in physiological conditions, but it may inhibit immune tolerance and trigger excessive inflammatory immune responses in IBD. However, the immune imbalance function of DC and its further activation of the immune signaling pathway is still unclear. As a key regulator of immune cell differentiation and function, RhoA is closely related to the morphology, proliferation, antigen uptake, cell migration and antigen presentation of DC. Abnormal RhoA signaling pathway may affect the function of DC. This article reviews the role of DC and intracellular RhoA signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of IBD, hoping to provide some enlightenments and help for the clinical treatment.