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Influence of composition and annealing tem-perature on structure and magnetic properties of amor-phous and nanocrystalline Fe78.4-xCoxSi9B9Nb2.6Cu1 (x=27.4, 40.0, 51.0, 78.4) alloys was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the temperature dependence of permeability. According to the initial crystallization temperature (Tx1) from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves of as-quenched amorphous alloys, 490–700 °C isothermal annealing was carried out to obtain the characteristic nanocrystalline structure. Furthermore, the soft magnetic properties were measured by temperature evolution of magnetic permeability to obtain the correla-tion between Co content, annealing temperature and mag-netic permeability. The results show that, on the one hand, the annealing temperature exerts a significant effect on phase structure and initial permeability (μi). The higher-temperature (from 550 to 610 °C) annealed Co content nanocrystalline samples can remain higher μi at elevated temperature. On the other hand, partial substitution Fe by Co can improve the high-temperature magnetic stability;however, the room-temperature permeability of higher Co content alloys decreases obviously at the same time. This phenomenon was analyzed from the viewpoint of the sat-uration magnetic induction (Bs), magnetic anisotropy () and magnetostriction (λs).