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近几年来,我省的水稻单产大有提高。地处本省东部高寒地带的延边地区,1983年平均单产比1979提高11%。其中,龙井县1983年比30年前提高61%;地处延边寒冷台地的敦化县出现亩产1.099的高产纪录。为我省的水稻发展,展现出可喜的前景。从而说明我省水稻提高单产的潜力是可观的。提高单产的主要措施有如下几项:①选用抗低温、抗稻瘟的中、早熟品科:②普及机械盘育苗技术和旱育苗(尤其是旱育苗),早育壮秧及时早插,插期比过去提早半个月左右,尽量(不插六月秧,起码六月五日前后插完秧)③因地制宜地采取合理的密植,防止一刀切:④健全合理的施肥体系,调节基肥和追肥比例,适当减少基肥,相对增加追肥量和追肥次数;⑤改进灌溉技术,提高水温、地温,做到茯根、茯穗,防止徒长和倒伏;⑥科学使用农药,及时灭草控制草荒,防治各种病虫害,减轻多种灾害。我省发展水稻的途径:一是扩大面积开发新稻区;例如,盐碱地以稻治碱;缺乏水源区水稻旱种,涝洼地以稻治涝,普及地膜稻;二是提高单产,尤其是中部和东部老稻区,单产虽然有所提高,但是仍有提高单产的潜力。力此,必须进一步巩固和普及己取得的科研成果,大力推广当地的丰产经验。
In recent years, rice yield in our province has greatly improved. Located in the fringe of the eastern part of the province, Yanbian, the average yield in 1983 was 11% higher than in 1979. Among them, Longjing County increased by 61% in 1983 compared with 30 years ago in 1983; Dunhua County, located in the cold platform of Yanbian, recorded a record high yield of 1.099 mu per mu. For the development of rice in our province, showing a promising future. This shows that the rice yield potential of our province is considerable. Improve the yield of the main measures are the following: ① selection of anti-low temperature, blast resistance, precocious families: ② universal mechanical disk breeding technology and drought nursery stock (especially drought nursery stock), early nursery seedling early insertion, A month or so earlier than in the past, as far as possible (not inserted in June seedlings, at least inserted before June 5 seedlings) ③ according to local conditions to take reasonable close planting, to prevent a one-size-fits-fowl: ④ sound and reasonable fertilization system, regulating the proportion of basal and top dressing, Appropriate to reduce the base fertilizer, the relative increase in the amount of dressing and top dressing times; ⑤ improve irrigation techniques to improve water temperature, ground temperature, so that the root of Fu, Fu spike to prevent leggy and lodging; ⑥ scientific use of pesticides, , To mitigate various disasters. For example, saline-alkali soil bases on rice; lack of water in dry areas for paddy cultivation, waterlogging depression to paddy rice flood control, universal mulching rice; the second is to improve yields, especially in the middle And the eastern old rice area, although yields have increased, but there is still potential to improve yields. In this regard, we must further consolidate and popularize the scientific research achievements we have made and vigorously promote the local experience of high yield.