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目的：探讨雌激素对学习记忆能力的影响。方法：３月龄雌性 ＳＤ大鼠 ２８只，体重 ２００ ｇ，分用药组（雌二醇肌注０．２５ ｍｇ／ｋｇ／日）和对照组各１４只，每组有９只动物用Ｍｏｍｓ水迷宫技术测试大鼠学习记忆能力，另５只在用药 １０天后用 Ｇｏｌｇｉ－Ｃｏｘ染色，观察海马 ＣＡＩ区锥体细胞树突棘的变化。结果：（１）用药 １０天后，定位航行实验显示：后 ４个时间段用药组和对照组潜伏期分别为 ８． ６±３．１秒和 １４．１±４．２秒，差别显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｇｏｌｇｉ－Ｃｏｘ染色显示对照组中段树突棘数为 １９．５±２． ３，用药组为 ２４．８±３．２，差别显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）用药 ３０天后，用药组和对照组潜伏期分别为１７．４±６．２秒和３５．９±９．３秒，在原有平台像限游泳路线长度占总长度４２．３±４．３％和３１．７±４．６％；跨越平台次数分别为３．１次和１．６次，差别显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：雌二醇能增强大鼠学习记忆能力，特别是记忆能力。
Objective: To investigate the effect of estrogen on learning and memory ability. METHODS: Totally 28 female 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 g were randomly divided into medication group (intramuscular injection of estradiol 0.25 mg / kg / day) and control group (n = 14) Maze technique was used to test the learning and memory abilities of rats. The other 5 mice were stained with Golgi-Cox 10 days after treatment to observe the changes of dendritic spines in the hippocampal CAI pyramidal cells. Results: (1) After 10 days of treatment, the navigation experiment showed that the incubation period in the last four periods was 8 and that in the control group respectively. 6 ± 3.1 seconds and 14.1 ± 4.2 seconds, respectively, with significant difference (P <0.05). Golgi-Cox staining showed that the number of dendritic spines in the control group was 19.5 ± 2. 3, the medication group was 24.8 ± 3.2, the difference was significant (P <0.05). (2) After 30 days of treatment, the latency of medication group and control group were 17.4 ± 6.2 seconds and 35.9 ± 9.3 seconds, respectively. The length of swimming route in original platform quadrant accounted for 42.3 ± 4. 3% and 31.7 ± 4.6%, respectively. The number of platforms across the platform were 3.1 times and 1.6 times respectively, with significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion: Estradiol can enhance learning and memory ability of rats, especially memory.