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MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性高度保守的单链小分子非编码RNA,长度约18~22个核苷酸(nt),具有组织特异性和时序特异性,在转录后水平调控靶基因的翻译或表达。miRNA在细胞生长、增殖、代谢、凋亡等生物学过程中发挥重要作用。研究表明,miRNA与支气管哮喘(哮喘)的发生发展存在密切关系,现已发现,若干miRNA,如Let-7家族、miR-125家族、miR-26家族、miR-155、miR-21、miR-133a、miR-26a、miR-221等的异常表达与哮喘相关。该文综述miRNA在哮喘的病理生理学基础及其以持续气道炎症、气道高反应性和气道重塑为特征的发病机制中的作用。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, highly conserved single-stranded small noncoding RNAs with a length of about 18 to 22 nucleotides (nt), which are tissue-specific and time-specific and regulate the target genes at post-transcriptional level Translation or expression. MiRNAs play an important role in the biological processes of cell growth, proliferation, metabolism and apoptosis. It has been found that miRNAs such as the Let-7 family, miR-125 family, miR-26 family, miR-155, miR-21, miR- Abnormal expression of 133a, miR-26a, miR-221, etc. is associated with asthma. This article reviews the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of asthma and its pathogenesis characterized by persistent airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling.