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石油地球化学在油气勘探中的重要作用是为各种地质模型和勘探方案提供校正参数,进而提高勘探成功率。油气勘探项目最重要的关键环节之一是通过油源对比来确定盆地中最有效的源岩层位或源岩灶的位置。油源对比的可靠性很大程度上取决于所采用的地化参数是否既考虑了源岩的成因特征,又考虑了油气在输导层和储层中的质量转移和混合过程。本文探讨中国沉积盆地中四个悬而未决的地球化学问题。首先,通过对松辽盆地地质实例的解剖,笔者认为海侵在这个古代大型淡水湖泊中的优质油气源岩的形成过程中可能起过至关重要的作用。其次,通过对新华夏构造带包括渤海湾盆地未熟—低熟油的研究,笔者提出了数种未熟—低熟油的成因模式,进而认为真正的未熟源岩对已经发现的未熟—低熟油贡献甚微。再者,通过回顾相关的地质和地球化学证据,对吐哈盆地的油气主要来自煤源岩的认识提出了不同看法。最后,我们运用几项研究实例,来展示在象塔里木这样构造复杂的盆地中进行油气源对比必须考虑流体混源的问题。通过分析油源对比中常用的分子地球化学参数的基本假设和可能缺陷,我们提出一种质量分量法来探讨海相油—陆相油、煤成油—湖相油以及成熟油—未熟油等存在争议的问题。
The important role of petroleum geochemistry in oil and gas exploration is to provide calibration parameters for various geological models and exploration programs to improve exploration success rates. One of the most important key aspects of an oil and gas exploration project is to determine the most effective source rock source or source rock stove location in the basin by source correlation. The reliability of the oil source contrast depends largely on whether the geochemical parameters used consider both the genetic characteristics of the source rock and the mass transfer and mixing of hydrocarbons in the transport and reservoir layers. This article explores the four outstanding geochemical issues in sedimentary basins in China. First of all, based on the dissection of geological examples in the Songliao Basin, I believe that transgression may play a crucial role in the formation of high-quality source rocks in this ancient large freshwater lake. Secondly, based on the study of the Neo-Huaxia tectonic belt, including the immature-low mature oil in the Bohai Bay Basin, the authors put forward the generative models of several immature-low mature oils, and then consider the true immature source rocks as the uncovered-low mature oil Little contribution. Furthermore, different views have been put forward on the understanding of the hydrocarbon source mainly from coal-derived rocks in the Turpan-Hami basin by reviewing relevant geological and geochemical evidence. Finally, we use several case studies to show that fluid source mixing must be considered for hydrocarbon source comparisons in complex basins like Tarim. By analyzing the basic assumptions and possible defects of commonly used molecular geochemical parameters in oil source contrast, we propose a mass component approach to investigate the effects of marine oil-land oil, coal-oil-lake oil, and mature oil- There are controversial issues.