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用金相、电解分离及X射线分析、电子探针和电子衍射分析方法,研究了铌和铌合金(Nb-1Zr,Nb-10W-1Zr-0.1C)在真空中≥1000℃热处理和力学试验过程中,受氧沾污的现象,以及其对组织结构和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:尽管是在真空度为10~(-5)mmHg,由于铌和铌合金具有强烈的吸气性,它们有时仍被漏进真空炉中的氧严重地沾污。铌的受沾污层由氧在铌中的间隙固溶体及沉淀相NbO组成。含少量锆的铌合金中,伴随着氧向内扩散,易出现内氧化,而形成起弥散硬化作用的ZrO_2相。含碳的铌合金,若在高温下受氧沾污,易产生脱碳现象。
The heat treatment and mechanical test of niobium and niobium alloys (Nb-1Zr, Nb-10W-1Zr-0.1C) in vacuum at 1000 ℃ have been studied by means of metallography, electrocatalytic separation and X-ray analysis, electron probe and electron diffraction analysis Oxygen-contaminated process, and its effect on the structure and mechanical properties. The experimental results show that although the degree of vacuum is 10 -5 mmHg, niobium and niobium alloys are sometimes heavily contaminated by oxygen leaking into the vacuum furnace due to their strong aspirating properties. The contaminated layer of niobium consists of the interstitial solid solution of oxygen in niobium and the precipitated phase NbO. With a small amount of zirconium niobium alloy, along with the inward diffusion of oxygen, prone to internal oxidation, and the formation of the role of dispersion hardening ZrO2 phase. Carbon-containing niobium alloys, if oxygen contaminated at high temperatures, easy to produce decarbonization.