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未成年人犯罪原因的特殊性与教育矫治改造的可能性使得世界各国未成年人犯罪立法表现出理想的一面:尽量使用中立词语描述未成年人犯罪相关概念;将未成年人犯罪治理目标设置为预防保护;对成年人犯罪治理路径进行前后延伸。但司法实践中受未成年人犯罪率居高不下的影响,未成年人犯罪治理现实与理想设计表现出较大的差距,并表现为不同的犯罪治理模式:两极化发展的美国模式;福利中怀疑的北欧模式;融合化发展的日本模式;权力恩宠下的中国模式。受理论研究与立法、司法的片段化发展影响,我国未成年人犯罪治理存在明显的错位现象。遵循刑事一体化思路,我国未成年人犯罪治理有必要以研究与实践的融合为基础,协调理念与制度,完善能动立法与能动司法制度,创建独立的未成年人定罪、量刑、执行反转适用制度,以推动未成年人犯罪治理的体系化发展,从而提高未成年人犯罪治理水平。
The particularity of the causes of juvenile delinquency and the possibility of reformation of education and correction make the legislation of juvenile delinquency in various countries of the world show the ideal aspect: try to use neutral terms to describe the related concepts of juvenile delinquency; set juvenile delinquency goals as Prevent and protect; extend the path of adult criminal governance. However, due to the high crime rate of juveniles in judicial practice, there is a big gap between the reality of juvenile delinquency treatment and the ideal design, which is manifested in different criminal governance modes: the American model of bipolar development and The suspicious Nordic model, the Japanese model of integration and the Chinese model of power. Influenced by the theoretical research and the fragmented development of legislation and judicature, there is a significant dislocation in the criminal governance of minors in our country. Following the idea of criminal integration, it is necessary for our juvenile delinquency management to base on the integration of research and practice, to coordinate ideas and systems, to improve the active legislative and judicial system, to create an independent juvenile conviction, sentencing, and reverse execution System to promote the systematic development of juvenile delinquency management, so as to enhance the level of juvenile delinquency.