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目的为探讨陕西省主要叶菜中有机磷农药的膳食暴露风险。方法充分考虑陕西省地域特征,采集472份叶类蔬菜,检测27种有机磷农药。采用国内理论最大膳食摄入(National Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake,NTMDI)法对陕西省叶菜中有机磷进行膳食暴露评估。结果 472份叶菜的检出率为9.96%,超标率为0.42%。总共检出12中有机磷农药,未检出结果以1/2LOD计算,陕西省主要叶菜中有机磷的接触风险指数(Expose Risk Index,ERI)在2.50E-06~3.35E-01之间,其中茼蒿和菜心中的甲拌磷的ERI最高,均为3.35E-01;其次是香菜中氧化乐果的ERI为3.08E-02;油麦菜中氧化乐果的ERI为3.03E-02。陕西省叶菜中有机磷的膳食暴露风险方面,其中菠菜中乐果的风险指数(Relative Index,RI)>100%,其他各种有机磷的RI均<100%,叶菜中有机磷的膳食暴露量在1.55E-03μg/kg bw/d~3.28E-02μg/kg bw/d范围之间。结论乐果的风险指数不可接受,其余各种有机磷的风险指数均可接受;陕西省叶菜中有机磷的膳食暴露量是安全的,提示乐果为重点监管对象。
Objective To investigate the dietary exposure of organophosphate pesticides in the main leafy vegetables in Shaanxi Province. Methods Considering the regional characteristics of Shaanxi Province, 472 leafy vegetables were collected and 27 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides were detected. The National Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (NTMDI) method was used to evaluate the dietary exposure of organic phosphorus in leafy vegetables of Shaanxi province. Results The detection rate of 472 leafy vegetables was 9.96%, the exceeding standard rate was 0.42%. A total of 12 organophosphorus pesticides were detected, with no detectable results as 1 / 2LOD. The Expose Risk Index (ERI) of organophosphorus in the main leafy vegetables of Shaanxi Province was between 2.50E-06 and 3.35E-01 , With the highest ERI of 3.35E-01 for phorate in A. chrysanthemum and P. miltiorrhiza, followed by ERI of omethoate in coriander (3.08E-02) and 3.03E-02 for omethoate in oleifera. In terms of the risk of dietary exposure to organophosphorus in leafy vegetables of Shaanxi province, the risk index of spinach was> 100%, the RI of other kinds of organic phosphorus was less than 100%, and the diet of organophosphorus in leafy vegetables The exposure ranged from 1.55E-03μg / kg bw / d to 3.28E-02μg / kg bw / d. Conclusion The risk index of dimethoate is unacceptable, and the risk index of other organic phosphorus is acceptable. The dietary exposure of organophosphorus in leaf vegetable of Shaanxi Province is safe, suggesting that dimethoate is the key regulatory target.