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水资源短缺、水质污染等已成为北京可持续发展的制约因素,水资源利用问题愈发受到关注。水足迹的研究将人们的生产、消费与水资源的消耗联系起来,全面真实地揭示水资源利用情况。本文基于水足迹理论评价了北京水资源利用情况,结果表明:(1)2012年,北京市水足迹为352.6亿m3,人均水足迹为1704 m3,远超统计数据中总供水量35.9亿m3和人均用水量193.3 m3,水资源面临巨大压力。(2)北京市城镇和农村居民对虚拟水的消耗存在差异性,除动物产品外,农村居民对于粮食虚拟水的消耗相对较高,人均每年103.5 m3,而城镇人均每年72.5 m3,次于干鲜瓜果92.4 m3。(3)动物产品在虚拟水消耗中占据了最大的比重,说明了北京市居民对动物产品消耗量相对较高,也反映出动物产品单位产品虚拟水含量较高。为此,在虚拟水贸易中,可适当增加动物产品进口代替本地动物产品的养殖生产,降低水资源的消耗。
The shortage of water resources and water pollution have become the limiting factors for Beijing’s sustainable development. The issue of water resources utilization has drawn increasing attention. The study of water footprint links people’s production and consumption with the consumption of water resources, revealing the water resources utilization in an all-round and true way. This paper evaluates the water resources utilization in Beijing based on the water footprint theory. The results show that: (1) Beijing’s water footprint is 35.26 billion m3 in 2012, with a per-capita water footprint of 1704 m3, far exceeding the total water supply of 3.59 billion m3 and Per capita water consumption 193.3 m3, water resources are under tremendous pressure. (2) The consumption of virtual water in urban and rural residents in Beijing is different. Except animal products, the consumption of foodstuff virtual water by rural residents is relatively high, with a per capita annual of 103.5 m3 and a per capita average of 72.5 m3 in urban areas, Fresh fruits 92.4 m3. (3) Animal products occupy the largest proportion in the consumption of virtual water, which shows that Beijing residents consume relatively high amounts of animal products, and also reflect the higher virtual water content of animal products. To this end, in the virtual water trade, animal products may be imported instead of local animal products breeding production, reduce water consumption.