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目的分析孕妇在孕期的运动和体力活动情况对妊娠结局和胎儿生长发育的影响。方法选取2014年3月—2015年8月在洛阳市妇女儿童医院保健中心进行孕期保健的孕妇600例为研究对象。自孕12周首次产前检查时,为各研究对象佩戴计步器,依据每日步行步数将其分为安静组(<5 000步)、正常组(5 000~10 000步)和活跃组(>10 000步)。比较各组产妇妊娠结局。随访12个月,比较各组新生儿生长发育情况。结果三组产妇初次体检时BMI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而分娩前活跃组BMI和剖宫产率低于安静组,而与正常组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均有部分产妇发生妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、产程阻滞、胎盘早剥及产后出血等妊娠期合并症或并发症,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。活跃组巨大儿发生率低于安静组。随访12个月,活跃组新生儿体重及BMI均低于安静组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论孕期适度的运动和体力活动有助于控制产妇BMI,进而减少巨大儿发生率,降低剖宫产率。
Objective To analyze the effect of pregnancy and physical activity during pregnancy on the outcome of pregnancy and fetal growth and development. Methods From March 2014 to August 2015, 600 pregnant women who took part in prenatal care in Luoyang Women and Children’s Hospital Health Center were selected as the research objects. At the time of the first prenatal examination at 12 weeks of pregnancy, pedometers were worn for each subject, and were divided into quiet group (<5 000 steps), normal group (5 000 ~ 10 000 steps) and active Group (> 10 000 steps). Compare maternal pregnancy outcomes in each group. All cases were followed up for 12 months. The growth and development of newborns in each group were compared. Results There was no significant difference in BMI between the three groups (P> 0.05), while the BMI and cesarean section rate in active group before delivery were lower than those in quiet group (P> 0.05) . There were some pregnant women with gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, blockage of labor, placental abruption and postpartum hemorrhage in both groups, such as pregnancy complications or complications, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). The incidence of macrosomia in active group was lower than that in quiet group. After 12 months of follow-up, the weight and BMI of neonates in active group were lower than those in quiet group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion Moderate exercise and physical activity during pregnancy can help to control the maternal BMI, thus reducing the incidence of macrosomia and reducing the rate of cesarean section.