论文部分内容阅读
外国在当今俄罗斯所辖邻土上直接投资始于1988年,至1991年初,在全苏联登记的合资企业共有2905个,其中68%分布在今日的俄罗斯(见表1)。1991年初,在俄罗斯的合资企业进口额为6.25亿美元,占俄罗斯进口总额的2.2%,出口额6.87亿美元;占出口总额的1.7%。合资企业在俄罗斯国内市场的销售额1991年为78亿卢布,占俄罗斯国内商品销售额和服务业营业额的7.5%。俄罗斯合资企业的部分产品在国内出售换取硬通货,1991年销售额为5亿多美元(见表2)。到1992年初,外国直接投资在俄罗斯的累积额为18—20亿美元。大多数合资企业集中在英斯科、圣彼得堡等一些大城市,分布在伯力、海参葳、马加丹的合资企业数量不到6%,北部城市摩尔曼斯克的合资企业数量在2%以下。从外国直接投资的部门分布看,服务业吸收的外
Foreign direct investment in the jurisdiction of Russia today began in 1988. By the beginning of 1991, there were 2,905 joint ventures registered in the entire Soviet Union, 68% of which were located in Russia today (see Table 1). In early 1991, the value of joint ventures in Russia was 625 million U.S. dollars, accounting for 2.2% of Russia’s total imports, and the export value was 687 million U.S. dollars, accounting for 1.7% of total exports. The joint venture’s sales in the Russian domestic market were 7.8 billion roubles in 1991, which accounted for 7.5% of Russian domestic merchandise sales and service industry turnover. Some of the Russian joint venture’s products were sold in the country in exchange for hard currency, and sales in 1991 were more than 500 million U.S. dollars (see Table 2). By early 1992, the cumulative amount of foreign direct investment in Russia was between US$1.8 billion and US$2 billion. Most joint ventures are concentrated in some large cities such as Inscombe and St. Petersburg. The number of joint ventures in Burrito, Vladivostok and Magadan is less than 6%, and the number of joint ventures in the northern city of Murmansk is below 2%. From the perspective of the distribution of foreign direct investment, the service industry absorbs