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以贺兰山东麓3年生酿酒葡萄“赤霞珠”为试材,通过小区试验设置6个氮肥施用量梯度,即纯氮施用量0、120、240、360、480、600kg·hm~(-2),研究了氮肥施用量对酿酒葡萄初果期生长以及产量品质的影响。结果表明:氮肥能显著促进株高、新梢、副梢发生数的增加,纯氮施用量480kg·hm-2时酿酒葡萄叶片SPAD值为43.11,并且水分有效利用率达到最高,为3.14μmol·mmol~(-1)。肥效方程得出最高产量纯氮施用量为398.75kg·hm~(-2),纯氮施用量超过480kg·hm-2后产量增幅和葡萄果实糖酸比同比下降。纯氮施用量360kg·hm~(-2)能显著提高可溶性糖、总酚、花色苷含量,改善品质。
Taking the 3-year-old wine grape “Cabernet Sauvignon” in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain as the test material, 6 nitrogen fertilizer application gradients were set up through plot test, that is, the pure nitrogen application rate was 0,120,240,360,480,600kg · hm ~ (-2) were used to study the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer on the growth and yield and quality of early grapevine. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase the number of shoots, shoots and shoots. SPAD value of wine grape leaves was 43.11 at the nitrogen application rate of 480kg · hm-2, and the highest water use efficiency was 3.14μmol · mmol ~ (-1). The fertilizer efficiency equation showed that the highest yield of pure nitrogen was 398.75 kg · hm -2 and the yield of pure nitrogen was more than 480 kg · hm -2 and the ratio of sugar and acid of grape fruits decreased compared with the same period of last year. Pure nitrogen application rate of 360kg · hm -2 could significantly increase the content of soluble sugar, total phenol and anthocyanin and improve the quality.