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日本医蛭为水蛭的一种，属医蛭科高度特化的环节动物。中国药典（９５年版）收入蚂蝗Ｗｈｉｔｍａｎｉａｐｉｇｒａｗｈｉｔｍａｎ、日本医蛭Ｈｉｒｕｄｏ ｎｉｐ－ｐｏｎｉｃａｗｈｉｔｍａｎ、柳叶蚂蝗Ｗｈａｃｒａｎｗｌａｔａ三种。水蛭始载于《神农本草经》味碱平，逐恶
Japanese doctors are a type of leeches, and they are highly specialized annelids in the order of physicians. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (95th edition) included three species: Whitmaniapigrawhitman, Hirudo nip-ponicawhitman, and Whacranwlata. The water leech was contained in the “Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing” Essence, evil