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针对紧急条件下的溃坝洪水演进模拟实时要求高、灾情资料相对匮乏的问题,文章提出了一种基于栅格数据的水动力学溃坝洪水演进模拟算法。算法以栅格地形为基础,采用水动力学原理和GIS地形分析技术相结合的方法进行多次迭代计算。利用曼宁公式计算栅格单元间的流量,通过分析不同栅格单元洪水的流速特征,自适应计算迭代步长和计算次数,通过确定栅格间的洪水演进顺序,实现溃坝后洪水演进速度、淹没范围和水深的动态预估。选用安徽省王家坝蓄洪过程进行实验和对比验证。结果表明,该方法具有输入数据少、算法简单、计算速度快等特点,其模拟过程与历史灾情基本吻合,能够适应应急环境下的洪水演进模拟需要。
In order to solve the problem of flood control simulation of dam failure under emergency conditions in real-time, the disaster data is relatively scarce. In this paper, an algorithm based on raster data is presented to simulate hydrodynamic dam breakwater evolution. The algorithm is based on grid terrains, and uses the method of hydrodynamics and GIS terrain analysis to carry out multiple iterative calculations. By using Manning’s formula to calculate the flow rate between grid units, the flow rate characteristics of flood in different grid units are analyzed, and the iterative step length and calculation times are adaptively calculated. By analyzing the sequence of flood evolution between grids, , The dynamic prediction of submergence range and depth. The process of flood control in Wangjiaba of Anhui Province was selected for experiment and comparative verification. The results show that the proposed method has the characteristics of less input data, simple algorithm and fast calculation speed. The simulation process is basically consistent with the historical disaster and can adapt to the needs of flood simulation in emergency environment.