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目的:总结分析先天性中胚叶肾瘤(congenital mesoblastic nephroma，CMN)的声像图与临床特征，探讨其与肾母细胞瘤(Wilm′s tumor，WT)的鉴别要点。方法:收集2008年12月至2019年12月于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院经手术病理证实的CMN患者21例作为CMN组，另将同期同一年龄组确诊的51例WT患者作为WT组，回顾总结两组声像图特征、临床特点。分析两组间瘤灶大小、发生部位、回声特点及发病年龄间是否存在可供鉴别诊断的差异性，并采用ROC曲线评价具体诊断效能。结果:除内部回声外(n P＝0.694)，CMN组与WT组瘤灶大小、发生部位及发病年龄间差异有统计学意义(均n P<0.05)。胎儿期CMN发病率高于WT(61.9%对3.9%，n P<0.001)，特异性96.1%。出生后CMN发病年龄明显早于WT(n Z＝-4.044，n P<0.001)，ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.949，临界值为112.5 d，敏感性87.5%，特异性93.9%。n 结论:仅凭声像图鉴别CMN与WT存在困难，但综合肿瘤大小、发生部位，特别是发病年龄，可有效提高超声的诊断效能。“,”Objective:To analyze the ultrasonographic images and clinical characteristics of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), and to investigate the differential performances with Wilm′s tumor (WT).Methods:Twenty-one cases of CMN patients confirmed by pathology from December 2008 to December 2019 in Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University were collected as the CMN group, and in the same criterion, 51 cases of WT patients were taken as WT group. Ultrasonographic images and clinical characteristics were collected retrospectively, and then the tumor size, site, echo and age were compared and analyzed between the two groups. ROC curve was used to evaluate the differential performance.Results:The difference analysis showed that except for echo (n P=0.694), there were statistically significant differences in tumor size, site and age between the two groups (all n P<0.05). In prenatal, the incidence of CMN was significantly higher than WT (61.9% vs 3.9%,n P<0.001), and the specificity was 96.1%. The median age (interquartile range) of CMN after birth was significantly earlier than WT(n Z=-4.044, n P<0.001). The area under the ROC was 0.949, the best cutoff was 112.5 days, with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 93.9%.n Conclusions:It is difficult to distinguish CMN and WT by echo, but the diagnosis performance can be improved through combining tumor size with site, especially age.