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目的:探讨不同类型糖尿病患者外周血FOXP3+调节性T细胞表达的差异及其临床意义。方法:研究分为1型糖尿病组(n=43)、2型糖尿病组(n=16)和健康对照组(n=19)。采用放射配体法检测糖尿病患者外周血中自身抗体:锌转运体8蛋白抗体(zinc transporter 8 antibody,ZnT8A)、谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody,GADA)和胰岛细胞抗体(islet cell antibody,ICA)。采用细胞膜打孔和三色荧光标记流式细胞术检测外周血CD4+T细胞群中CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T细胞所占百分比、CD4+CD25+T细胞所占百分比。结果:①1型和2型糖尿病患者的外周血中CD4+CD25+T细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞的百分比均低于健康志愿者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②1型糖尿病患者的外周血中CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞的百分比低于健康志愿者和2型糖尿病患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);③1型糖尿病患者的病程与外周血CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T细胞数量、CD4+CD25+T细胞数量均无相关性。结论:1型糖尿病患者外周血FOXP3+调节性T细胞百分比下降,FOXP3+调节性T细胞数量的下降程度与病程无关。FOXP3+调节性T细胞可能参与了1型糖尿病的发生和发展,与2型糖尿病无显著相关性。FOXP3是调节性T细胞的特征性标志。
Objective: To investigate the differences of FOXP3 + regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with different types of diabetes mellitus and its clinical significance. Methods: The study was divided into type 1 diabetes group (n = 43), type 2 diabetes group (n = 16) and healthy control group (n = 19). Radioligand method was used to detect autoantibodies in peripheral blood of diabetic patients: zinc transporter 8 antibody (ZnT8A), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) and islet cell antibody antibody, ICA). The percentage of CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + T cells and the percentage of CD4 + CD25 + T cells in CD4 + T cells in peripheral blood were measured by cell membrane perfusion and three-color fluorescent labeling flow cytometry. Results: ①The percentage of CD4 + CD25 + T cells in CD4 + T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were significantly lower than those of healthy volunteers (P <0.05) The percentage of CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + T cells in CD4 + T lymphocytes in peripheral blood was lower than that in healthy volunteers and type 2 diabetic patients (P <0.05). ③ The course of disease in patients with type 1 diabetes and peripheral blood CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + T cell number, CD4 + CD25 + T cell number were not related. Conclusion: The percentage of FOXP3 + regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of type 1 diabetic patients decreased and the number of FOXP3 + regulatory T cells decreased with the duration of disease. FOXP3 + regulatory T cells may be involved in the occurrence and development of type 1 diabetes mellitus, with no significant correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus. FOXP3 is a hallmark of regulatory T cells.