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目的研究大气颗粒物中部分金属元素含量与学龄儿童日均PEFR值之间的相关性,探讨大气颗粒物中金属元素对学龄儿童肺功能的影响。方法分别于2005年3月28日—5月6日及2006年4月28日—6月6日对内蒙古包头市2所小学225名小学生进行每日3次的PEFR的测定,同时监测每日PM10及PM2.5的质量浓度并分析测定其中的金属元素含量。通过问卷调查了解儿童年龄、性别、身高、体重、哮喘病史、慢性呼吸系统疾病家族史、被动吸烟等情况。应用SPSS13.0对数据进行Spearman相关性分析。结果 PM10及PM2.5中的Ca、Mg、Na的含量与儿童日均最大呼气流速(PEFR)值之间存在负相关(P<0.01)。PM10及PM2.5中的Pb的含量只与滞后1 d的PEFR值之间存在负相关(P<0.01)。PM2.5中的Cr含量与日均PEFR值之间存在负相关,滞后1 d的效应更为明显(P<0.01)。结论学龄儿童日均PEFR值的下降与大气颗粒物中金属元素的含量的升高有关。
Objective To study the correlation between the content of some metal elements in airborne particles and the average daily PEFR of school-age children, and to explore the effect of metal elements in airborne particles on the lung function of school-age children. Methods The PEFR of 225 primary school students in 2 primary schools in Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were measured on March 28-May 6-May 6 and April 28-June 6, 2006 respectively. The daily PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentration and analysis of the determination of the metal element content. A questionnaire survey was conducted to understand children’s age, gender, height, weight, history of asthma, family history of chronic respiratory diseases, and passive smoking. Spearman correlation analysis was performed on the data using SPSS 13.0. Results There was a negative correlation between the contents of Ca, Mg and Na in PM10 and PM2.5 and the average daily maximum expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in children (P <0.01). The contents of Pb in PM10 and PM2.5 were only negatively correlated with the PEFR values of lag 1 d (P <0.01). There was a negative correlation between Cr content in PM2.5 and daily average PEFR value, and the effect of 1 h lag was more obvious (P <0.01). Conclusions The decrease of daily average PEFR value of school-age children is related to the increase of metal elements in airborne particulate matter.