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Background Although miRNAs have been shown to associate with a variety of diseases,whether miRNAs in monocyte associate heart failure (HF) has been not well studied.Methods Eight patients with ischemic HF (IHF),8 patients with non-ischemic HF (NIHF) and 8 healthy volunteers were recruited.Clinical characteristics of all participants were collected.Peripheral blood samples were drawn for analysis of miRNA expression in monocytes.Results All participants were male and the participants in IHF group were older and had higher percentage of smoker and diabetes mellitus than in the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Serum levels of creatinine and NT-proBNP were significantly higher in IHF patients compared to the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).More participants in IHF group were treated with ACEI/ARB,beta-blocker and statins.Participants with NYHA grade Ⅲ accounted for 62.5％ in IHF group,while participants with NYHA grade Ⅳ accounted for 87.5％ in NIHF group.The levels of 11 miRNAs in monocytes were significantly higher in the IHF group,and the levels of 7 miRNAs were significantly increased in the NIHF group.Other differences in miRNAs levels between IHF and NIHF groups were also observed.Conclusion our present study revealed that there are substantial differences in miRNAs between HF patients and healthy volunteer.