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龙门石窟是典型的碳酸岩石质的大型露天石窟寺遗址群,受日晒、雨淋、大气污染的直接作用,劣化速度呈加快趋势。龙门石窟窟檐的建筑形式主要有石刻窟檐、木构窟檐、石构窟檐、石板窟檐以及混凝土预制板窟檐,这些窟檐的存在有效地阻止了雨水对雕刻的冲蚀。在龙门石窟的日常维护工作中,以小型露天雕刻和小型坍塌窟龛为对象,进行了窟檐修复和小型坍塌洞窟窟顶补全的可行性研究与实践。经过雨季跟踪观察,证明维护工作能有效防止雨水对雕刻品的直接冲蚀,减少阳光直射,遏制风化进一步发展,达到了修复预期效果,是一次有益的尝试。
The Longmen Grottoes is a typical large-scale open-air cave temple site of carbonated rock. It has been accelerated by the direct effects of the sun, rain and air pollution. Longmen Grottoes Cave eaves of the main architectural forms are stone cave eaves, wooden eave, stone eave, stone eaves and concrete prefabricated eaves, the presence of these eaves effectively prevent the rain on the carving erosion. In the routine maintenance work of Longmen Grottoes, the feasibility study and practice of repairing cave eaves and supplementing small cave roofs were carried out with small open sculptures and small collapsed niches. After the rainy season follow-up observation proves that the maintenance work can effectively prevent the direct erosion of the rain on the sculpture, reduce direct sunlight, to curb the further development of weathering, reaching the expected effect of the repair, is a useful attempt.