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以青海西部尕斯库勒盐湖不同水体为研究对象,通过PHREEQC软件计算了水体的化学组分存在形式及饱和指数,探讨了该盐湖水文地质补给顺序,建立了水文地质概念模型。研究表明,水体中所有元素Na、K、Ca、Mg、C(4)、Cl和S(6)主要以自由离子Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-、Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)形式存在,只有少量Mg、C(4)和S(6)与其他离子形成络合物。该盐湖水文地质概念模型为:大气降水和冰雪融水形成的河流水大部分补给至含砂泥岩层形成承压水;大部分承压水补给至潜水,最终汇入湖内形成湖水;在冷干条件下,湖水经过强烈蒸发和浓缩作用形成湖表卤水和晶间卤水;氯化钙型深部水通过湖表卤水区东部隐伏断裂持续补给至湖表卤水,而氯化钙型盐溶水通过盐溶通道长期补给晶间卤水;湖表卤水与晶间卤水间存在水体交换。该研究为青藏高原盐湖水文地质演化过程提供一些基础资料。
Based on the different water bodies of Gaskul Salina in West Qinghai Province, the chemical forms and saturation indices of the water body were calculated by PHREEQC software. The sequence of hydrogeology supply was discussed and the conceptual model of hydrogeology was established. The results show that all elements Na, K, Ca, Mg, C (4), Cl and S (6) in water are mainly composed of free ions Na +, K +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+ ), HCO_3 ~ -, Cl ~ - and SO_4 ~ (2-). Only a small amount of Mg, C (4) and S (6) form complexes with other ions. The conceptual model of the salt lake hydrogeology is as follows: most of the river water formed by atmospheric precipitation and snow melt water supply to the sandstone and mudstone formation to form confined water; most of the confined water is supplied to the submersible and finally re-flows into the lake to form a lake; Under the dry conditions, lake water and intercrystal brine are formed through intense evaporation and concentration; the deep water of calcium chloride type is continuously supplied to the lake water through concealed faults in the east of the lake water surface, while the calcium chloride type salt water passes Saline channel long-term supply of intercrystalline brine; lake table brine and intercrystalline brine exist between the water exchange. This study provides some basic data for the evolution of hydrogeology in salt lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.