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目的：研究确定人巨细胞病毒（ Ｈ Ｃ Ｍ Ｖ） 体内外先天性感染胎鼠大脑皮质神经元及其感染特征。方法：分别建立体内外模拟 Ｈ Ｃ Ｍ Ｖ 先天性感染小鼠脑神经元模型。采用病毒分离、病理学检测及核酸原位杂交技术等观察研究病毒的增殖，受染细胞的形态特征以及病毒核酸在细胞内的定位和分布。结果：体内模型显示： 脑组织上清液中分离出 Ｈ Ｃ Ｍ Ｖ； 大脑皮质发生侵袭性脑膜脑炎性病理改变； 神经元核内出现病毒特征性大的嗜碱性包涵体；病毒特异性核酸存在于受染神经元核内及胞浆内。体外模型亦证实：受染神经元胞体明显肿胀并可见核内嗜酸性包涵体； 原位杂交法检出 Ｈ Ｃ Ｍ Ｖ特异性核酸。结论： Ｈ Ｃ Ｍ Ｖ 可在体内外致胎鼠大脑皮质神经元发生类似于人类先天性中枢神经系统感染的病理改变； 建立的体内外感染模型可用于 Ｈ Ｃ Ｍ Ｖ 中枢神经系统先天性感染的发生机制研究。
OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics of neurons and their infection in fetal rat cortical neurons infected by human cytomegalovirus (H C M V) in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Neuronal models of congenital H C M V infection in mice were established in vitro and in vivo. Virus isolation, pathological detection and nucleic acid in situ hybridization were used to observe the proliferation of the virus, the morphological characteristics of the infected cells and the localization and distribution of the virus nucleic acid in the cells. Results: The in vivo models showed that H C M V was isolated from the supernatant of the brain tissue. The pathological changes of invasive meningoencephalitis occurred in the cerebral cortex. The basophilic inclusion bodies were found in the nucleus of neurons. The virus specificity Nucleic acid is present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected neurons. In vitro model also confirmed: infected neurons were significantly swollen cells and visible eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the nucleus; in situ hybridization detected H C M V-specific nucleic acid. CONCLUSION: H C M V can cause pathological changes similar to that of human congenital central nervous system (CNS) in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro and in vivo models established in vitro can be used to detect HCCV congenital infections in the central nervous system Mechanism of occurrence.