论文部分内容阅读
农村土地问题是近代中国的主要问题之一。在维护农村基本秩序的前提下,刚登上历史舞台的国民政府试图对土地政策进行适度调整。文章以湖北省为中心对国民政府的土地政策从缘起、内容、实施及绩效进行了探讨。研究认为,国民政府一直重视土地问题,并且有贯穿始终的土地政策。孙中山的“平均地权和耕者有其田”的思想,始终是民国土地政策的纲领和核心。国民政府兴办利用合作社,试图利用和平手段解决土地分配问题;创办集体农场,鼓励大农经营,试图地尽其用,提高土地利用水平。国民政府推动土地改革更大程度上是基于维护政权稳定和获得民众认可的政治目标,这与地方政府着眼于获取更多的财政收入,以解决其财政拮据的经济目标相冲突,结果导致土地政策绩效极不理想,土地分配不均状况并没有得到多大改善,土地利用状况也不理想。
Rural land issue is one of the major problems in modern China. Under the premise of safeguarding the basic order in rural areas, the national government that just boarded the historical stage tried to moderately adjust land policies. The article takes Hubei Province as the center to discuss the national government land policy from the origin, the content, the implementation and the performance. According to the study, the national government has always attached importance to the issue of land and has a consistent land policy. Sun Yat-sen’s idea of “average land tenure and landless people” has always been the program and core of the land policy in the Republic of China. The National Government has set up cooperative use of cooperatives in an attempt to solve the problem of land distribution by peaceful means. It has also set up collective farms to encourage large-scale farmers to operate in an attempt to make the best use of them and increase the level of land use. The promotion of agrarian reform by the Kuomintang government is based more on the political goal of preserving the stability of the government and gaining popular acceptance. This conflicts with the economic goal of local governments to obtain more revenue and solve their financial constraints. As a result, the land policy The performance is extremely unsatisfactory. The uneven distribution of land has not been greatly improved and land use is not satisfactory.