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采用大田试验研究旱地小麦休闲期不同时间覆盖(前茬小麦收获后30和60 d)、不同覆盖方式(全覆盖、半覆盖和不覆盖)对植株氮素吸收、利用的影响.结果表明:覆盖后休闲期蓄水效率和播种期0~300 cm土层土壤蓄水量显著增加,各生育阶段氮素积累量、花前营养器官氮素运转量和运转率、花后氮素积累量及籽粒氮素积累量均增加,最终促使产量、氮素吸收效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮收获指数显著提高,且表现为全覆盖效果好于半覆盖.小麦收获后30 d覆盖,下茬小麦播种期0~300 cm土层土壤蓄水量、休闲期蓄水效率、各生育阶段的氮素积累量、成熟期叶片和整株氮素积累量、茎秆+茎鞘、叶片和营养器官花前氮素运转量、产量均高于麦收后60 d覆盖,其中播种期0~300 cm土层土壤蓄水量与休闲期蓄水效率差异显著.各土层土壤蓄水量与花前营养器官氮素运转量及花后氮素积累量均呈正相关,茎杆+茎鞘氮素运转量对籽粒产量的直接影响最大,直接通径系数为0.619.休闲期覆盖通过提高播种期土壤蓄水量增加植株对氮素的吸收与利用,提高了产量与品质,其中提早全覆盖效果最好.
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different coverage (full-coverage, half-coverage and no-coverage) on nitrogen absorption and utilization of dry land wheat at different periods of time (30 and 60 d after harvest) During the post-harvest period, the water storage efficiency and soil water storage in 0 ~ 300 cm soil layer at seeding stage were significantly increased. The nitrogen accumulation in each growth stage, the nitrogen translocation and translocation from pre-anthesis vegetative organs, the post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation, Nitrogen accumulation increased, which eventually led to significant increase in yield, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen fertility and nitrogen harvest index, and showed that the full coverage effect was better than the semi-coverage.When the wheat was covered 30 days after harvesting, the sowing time of the next crop 0 Soil water storage at ~ 300 cm soil depth, water storage efficiency during the fallow period, nitrogen accumulation in each growth stage, nitrogen accumulation in mature leaves and whole plant, pre-plant nitrogen content in stems, stems, leaves and vegetative organs And the yield and yield were all higher than that of the wheat received 60 days after harvest, in which the difference between soil water storage at 0 ~ 300 cm soil layer and water storage efficiency at leisure period was significant.The soil water storage capacity and nitrogen transport Amount and post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation And the direct path coefficient was 0.619.The coverage of leisure period increased the nitrogen uptake and utilization of plants by increasing soil water storage in sowing period The output and quality, of which the best early full coverage.