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随着人们生活水平的提高和医疗条件的改善,诸多急性传染病均得到了有效的控制.然而,一些与环境因素密切相关的慢性非传染性疾病,如心、脑血管疾病和恶性肿瘤的发病率有了明显上升.大肠癌便是一个突出的例子.欧美和日本等大肠癌高发国家的研究证明,长年的高蛋白、高脂肪和低纤维素饮食习惯是促发大肠癌的重要环境因素(外因),患者遗传上的缺陷,如多种病相关基因的突变又是大肠癌发病的内在因素,这些相关的内外因素结合在一起可能也是近年我国大肠癌发病率上升的重要原因之一.预防为主是我国一贯的卫生工作方针,也是大肠癌防治工作的重点,纠正不良的饮食习惯,深入研究大肠癌发病的分子机制,从病因上着手防病是大肠癌预防工作的一级预防,而提高早癌和癌前疾病的检出率则是大肠癌的二级预防.众所周知,大肠癌有两个特点:一是有明确的癌前病变(93％的大肠癌来源于腺瘤);二是从癌前病变发展为癌有一较长的过程(平均7a).我们可以利用这些特点,通过普查发现癌前病变和早期癌,经过内镜的微创治疗,预防大肠癌的发生,提高早癌治愈率.下面几篇论文将围绕大肠癌早诊、早治的问题进行初步讨论,希望能引起同行专家的兴趣,提出更深入的见解.
With the improvement of people’s living standards and improvement of medical conditions, many acute infectious diseases have been effectively controlled. However, some chronic non-communicable diseases closely related to environmental factors, such as heart, cerebrovascular diseases and malignant tumors The rate has risen significantly. Colorectal cancer is a prominent example. Studies in Europe and the United States and Japan and other countries with high incidence of colorectal cancer have proven that long-term high-protein, high-fat and low-fiber dietary habits are important environmental factors in promoting colorectal cancer. (external factors), genetic defects in patients, such as mutations in many diseases related genes is an intrinsic factor in the incidence of colorectal cancer, these related internal and external factors together may also be one of the important reasons for the increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in recent years. Prevention is the main principle of our country’s consistent health work, and it is also the focus of prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Correcting bad eating habits, in-depth study of the molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer, prevention of disease from the cause is the primary prevention of colorectal cancer prevention. The increase in the detection rate of early cancer and precancerous disease is secondary prevention of colorectal cancer. It is well known that colorectal cancer has two characteristics: First, there is a clear Precancerous lesions (93% of colorectal cancers originate from adenomas); second, progression from precancerous lesions to cancers has a long process (average 7a). We can use these features to find precancerous lesions and early cancers through census. Endoscopic minimally invasive treatment to prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer and improve the cure rate of early cancer. The following papers will discuss the early diagnosis and early management of colorectal cancer. It is hoped that it will arouse the interest of peer experts and put forward more in-depth opinion.