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川崎病是一种急性全身性非特异性血管炎症。主要见于婴儿及5岁以下儿童,春夏交接之际发病较多。据文献报道,川崎病的流行病特点,具有明显地域性,季节性及年龄性。近年川崎病发病率逐年增高,增高原因不明。川崎病的冠状动脉和非冠脉血管的血管病变的三个特点,包括:急性自限性坏死性动脉炎、亚急性或慢性血管炎和鲁米那肌纤维母细胞增生。目前我国川崎病的诊断标准是参考日本2 0 0 2年和美国2 0 0 4年发布的川崎病诊断标准。川崎病主要累及心血管,冠状动脉的病变,既是本病自身的症状,又是可致病人死亡的并发症。超声心动图检查是发现和监测冠脉病变的主要检测手段。川崎病的治疗目标是缓解临床症状,减轻冠状动脉的受损及控制心肌内炎症反应,抑制血小板聚集防止血栓形成。在急性期应用大剂量丙种球蛋白能尽快缓解临床症状并大大降低冠状动脉损伤的风险。绝大多数患儿适当治疗可逐渐康复,预后良好。冠状动脉瘤较大患儿有形成血栓及心肌梗死的危险,需要限制活动,定期复查,而这些患儿成年后发生心血管病的风险较高。
Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic nonspecific vascular inflammation. Mainly seen in infants and children under 5 years of age, the occasion of the transfer of more incidence. According to the literature, the epidemic characteristics of Kawasaki disease have obvious regional, seasonal and age characteristics. In recent years, the incidence of Kawasaki disease increased year by year, the reason for the increase is unknown. Three characteristics of Kawasaki disease in coronary and non-coronary vessels include: acute, autonomic necrotizing arteritis, subacute or chronic vasculitis, and luminal fibroblast proliferation. At present, the diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki disease in our country refer to the Kawasaki disease diagnostic criteria published in Japan in 2002 and the United States in 2004. Kawasaki disease mainly involves the cardiovascular and coronary lesions, both the symptoms of the disease itself, but also a complication that can cause death of the patient. Echocardiography is the primary means of detecting and monitoring coronary lesions. Kawasaki disease treatment goal is to alleviate clinical symptoms, reduce coronary artery damage and control of myocardial inflammatory response, inhibition of platelet aggregation to prevent thrombosis. The use of high-dose gamma globulin in the acute phase of clinical symptoms as soon as possible and greatly reduce the risk of coronary artery injury. The vast majority of children with appropriate treatment can be gradually recovered, the prognosis is good. Larger coronary aneurysms have the risk of developing thrombosis and myocardial infarction, requiring limited activity and regular review, and these children are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease later in life.