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土地利用方式是影响土壤可持续利用的重要因素。粘土矿物是土壤重要的活泼物质,会受利用方式的影响而发生改变。为了揭示利用方式对土壤粘土矿物的影响,对不同利用方式下的东北黑土进行土壤理化特性及粘粒XRD分析。结果表明:荒地、旱田(大豆)、旱田(玉米)、水田利用的土壤矿物颗粒的风化依次增强,伊利石的含量和结晶度也依次降低。经水田利用后的黑土,粘土矿物的演变过程为:云母→伊利石→蛭石和绿泥石。定量结果表明黑土水田利用会出现蛭石绿泥石化现象。综合说明旱田利用会使土壤结构破坏以及水土流失加剧,而水田利用则能较好的协调土壤理化性质,可较大程度的改良土壤。
Land use patterns are important factors affecting soil sustainable use. Clay minerals are important lively substances in the soil that can be altered by the way they are used. In order to reveal the influence of using ways on soil clay minerals, soil physical and chemical properties and clay particle XRD of black soil in northeast China under different utilization modes were studied. The results showed that the weathering of soil mineral particles in wasteland, dry land (soybean), dry land (maize) and paddy fields increased in turn and the content of illite and the degree of crystallinity decreased. After paddy field use of black soil, clay mineral evolution process: mica → illite → vermiculite and chlorite. Quantitative results show that vermiculite chloritization occurs in black soil paddy fields. Comprehensive utilization of dryland will cause soil structure destruction and soil erosion increase, while paddy field utilization can better coordinate the soil physical and chemical properties, which can greatly improve the soil.