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目的评价中国麻疹实验室网络建立的意义和建立初期运转情况。方法对2002~2004年中国麻疹实验室网络建立初期的各项运转指标进行评价。结果2001年,中国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)病毒病预防控制所国家麻疹实验室正式成立,并且在31个省(自治区、直辖市,下同)CDC建立了麻疹实验室,逐步建立了市(地区、州、盟,下同)级麻疹实验室,现已初步形成了一个包括国家麻疹实验室、31个省级CDC麻疹实验室、331个市级CDC麻疹实验室在内的麻疹实验室快速反应诊断系统。目前,已建立麻疹/风疹实验室的诊断标准,并为省、市级CDC麻疹/风疹实验室在监测方面提供培训和技术支持,组织对31个省级CDC麻疹实验室进行职能考核和血清复核等质量控制工作。31个省级CDC麻疹实验室和多数市级CDC麻疹实验室可开展常规的麻疹血清学检测。在血清学监测的基础上,省级CDC麻疹实验室开展了麻疹病毒学监测工作,1993~2004年通过省级CDC麻疹实验室网络的共同努力,在27个省共分离到366株麻疹病毒。结论中国三级麻疹实验室网络已经成功建立并运转良好,为疑似麻疹病例的实验室诊断和鉴别诊断提供了重要的技术支撑,为流行病学专家及时采取强化免疫措施,阻断麻疹病毒的传播,提供了重要的科学依据;建立了中国的麻疹病毒毒株库和基因数据库,为了解中国麻疹野病毒流行的基因型、病毒来源、基因变异情况和传播途径打下了基础;在评估人群对麻疹免疫力、疫苗免疫效果中起到了不可忽视的作用。
Objective To evaluate the significance of setting up a network of measles laboratory in China and to establish its initial operation. Methods The operational indicators of the initial establishment of China’s measles laboratory network from 2002 to 2004 were evaluated. Results In 2001, the National Measles Laboratory of CDC’s Virus Disease Prevention and Control Center was formally established, and a measles laboratory was set up in CDC of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) , State, League, the same below) level measles laboratory has now initially formed a rapid response to the measles laboratory, including the national measles laboratory, 31 provincial CDC measles laboratories, and 331 municipal CDC measles laboratories Diagnostic system. Currently, diagnostic criteria for measles / rubella laboratories have been established and training and technical support has been provided for monitoring of provincial and municipal CDC measles / rubella laboratories. Functional and serological reviews of 31 provincial CDC measles laboratories have been organized Quality control work. Thirty-one provincial CDC measles laboratories and most municipal CDC measles laboratories conduct routine measles serological testing. On the basis of serological surveillance, the provincial CDC measles laboratory carried out the measles virology monitoring work. From 1993 to 2004, 366 strains of measles virus were isolated in 27 provinces through the joint efforts of provincial CDC measles laboratory network. Conclusion The network of three Chinese measles laboratories has been successfully established and operated well, providing important technical support for the laboratory diagnosis and differential diagnosis of suspected measles cases, timely and intensive immunization measures for epidemiologists to stop the spread of measles virus , Provided an important scientific basis; the establishment of China’s measles virus strain database and gene database, in order to understand the Chinese genotypes of wild measles virus, virus sources, genetic variation and transmission laid the foundation; in assessing the population of measles Immunity, vaccine immune effect has played a role that can not be ignored.