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来自埃及、塞内加尔、印度、泰国及中美洲的五个玫瑰茄品系的成熟萼片以五种方法,即在-3℃冷冻干燥和在20℃、40℃、60℃及105℃的烘箱内干燥,以研究干燥方法对玫瑰茄两个最主要的品质特性——有机酸和花色素苷含量的影响。各种干燥方法对所有品系均有影响。冷冻干燥法可以获得最多量的有机酸和花色素苷,但要大规模生产则太昂贵。炉烘干法与冷冻干燥相比,不论哪一种温度都破坏品质,损失最小的是40℃,此时10%的酸与20—30%的花色素苷损失;而在1O5℃时,50—75%的酸与花色素苷受破坏。商品玫瑰茄萼片质量往往较差,这是因为采收时不完全成熟或过分成熟 (枯熟)、萼片混杂了果实其它部分,外来杂质很不干净或是阳光晒干时不干净所致。为了改善这种情况,现提出一个收获方式(表2),着重注意开花期、生长期及萼片发育期间成分的变化。但是,所探讨的五个品系的这些特性都不相同,因此应按各品系所适应的特殊情况进行收获。当地的土壤、气候与经济状况均会影响收获的方式,萼片应该分散成薄层放在干净草席上晾干。这样做费用增加了些,但萼片品质比在太阳下晒干的改善了很多。
The mature sepals of five Roselle lines from Egypt, Senegal, India, Thailand and Central America were freeze-dried at -3 ° C and oven-dried at 20 ° C, 40 ° C, 60 ° C and 105 ° C in five ways, In order to study the effects of drying methods on the two main quality characteristics of Roselle - organic acids and anthocyanins. Various drying methods have an effect on all lines. Freeze-drying method can get the maximum amount of organic acids and anthocyanins, but it is too expensive for mass production. Compared with the freeze-drying furnace drying method, no matter what kind of temperature damage quality, the smallest loss is 40 ℃, then 10% of the acid and 20-30% of the anthocyanin loss; and at 1O5 ℃, 50 -75% acid and anthocyanins damaged. Commodity Roselle sepal often poor quality, it is not fully ripe or over ripe (dry) when harvested, sepals mixed with other parts of the fruit, foreign impurities are very dirty or not cleaned when the sun dried. To improve this situation, a harvesting strategy is presented (Table 2), focusing on changes in composition during flowering, growth and sepal development. However, all of the five lines discussed have different characteristics and should therefore be harvested for the particular conditions to which they are adapted. Local soil, climate, and economic conditions all affect how harvesting is done, and the sepals should be spread into thin layers and placed on a clean straw mat to dry. The cost increased somewhat, but the quality of sepals improved much more than the sun dried under the sun.