比喻常识纵横谈之一 比喻的方式

• 作 者: 黄绍祥
• 机 构: 连云港市东港中学
• 出 处: 初中生世界
• 发表日期: 2003年32期
• 关键词: 修辞方式 判断词 缩微图书 白杨礼赞 中国石拱桥 喻句 回延安 缩微型 无甚高论 《醉翁亭记》

比喻是最常见的一种修辞方式。比喻,就是“以此喻彼”,用具体的、熟知的、浅显的事物打比方,来说明或描写抽象的、生疏的、深奥的事物,让读者或听众容易理解、容易想像。被比的事物叫做“本体”,作比的事物叫做“喻体”,连接本体和喻体的词语如“像、是、成为”等叫做“喻词”(有时不用)。根据这三种成分在句中的不同情况,比喻可分为明喻、暗喻、借喻三种基本方式。

Metaphor is the most common way of rhetoric. Metaphorically, it means “to use this as a metaphor for oneself” to use specific, well-known, simple things like analogy to describe or describe abstract, unfamiliar, and esoteric things so that readers or listeners can easily understand and imagine. The things that are compared are called “subjects”, and the things that are compared are called “figures,” and the words that connect the ontology and the metaphor, such as “like, be, and become,” are called “metaphors” (sometimes not used). According to the different circumstances of these three components in the sentence, the metaphor can be divided into three basic ways: metaphor, metaphor, and metaphor.