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肾小管通过对肾小球滤液中的水、电解质、葡萄糖、蛋白质、氨基酸等物质的重吸收和排泌H~+、K~+、尿酸以及各种代谢产物来维持体液正常组成。小管细胞既是一些激素的靶器官(如甲状旁腺激素、醛固酮、抗利尿激素),又能产生激素[1,25(OH)_2Vit D_3]。肾小管病变时,病人常有水、电解质紊乱和酸碱平衡失调以及糖尿、氨基酸尿、磷尿等表现。肾小管疾病是指原发性或继发性肾小管功能有特殊或普遍障碍的疾病。肾小管疾病的分类尚无一致意见,下面按肾小管解剖部位的功能分类。近端肾小管功能障碍疾病
Tubules through the glomerular filtrate of water, electrolytes, glucose, protein, amino acids and other substances reabsorption and excretion H ~ +, K ~ +, uric acid and various metabolites to maintain normal body fluid composition. Tubular cells are not only the target organs of some hormones (such as parathyroid hormone, aldosterone, anti-diuretic hormone), but also produce hormones [1,25 (OH) _2Vit D_3]. Tubular lesions, the patient often have water, electrolyte imbalance and acid-base balance and diabetes, amino aciduria, such as urinary phosphate. Tubulointerstitial disease is a disease characterized by a specific or generalized primary or secondary tubular function. There is no consensus on the classification of tubulointerstitial disease. The following is a functional classification of the anatomical region of the renal tubule. Proximal tubular dysfunction disease