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血尿是泌尿系疾病最常见与最重要的症状。在外科门诊经常遇到血尿患者就诊,作为门诊医生遇到血尿病人应从哪这方面进行检查,如何对血尿进行分析、诊断,这对每位医生来说都是应该熟悉和掌握的。正常尿液离心后,在显微镜下一个高倍视野中可有0—1个红细胞,若超过此数即为血尿。一、血尿的分类 (一) 按尿中红细胞数量,可分为显微镜下血尿(镜下血尿) 和眼观血尿 (肉眼血尿)。 1.镜下血尿比较公认的标准是:用尿10ml,离心1500转/分,共5分钟。残渣涂片在400倍的视野下,10个视野可见到10个红细胞以上者。如果见到5～10个为可疑,5个以下为生理性。如果尿液不离心,10个视野能够见到3～5个红细胞者,即为血尿。 2.肉眼血尿:即眼观尿液为血色者,尿液混入0.1％以上血液时,即可成为肉眼血尿。若尿液内混入10％血液时,即可出现凝血或血块。 (二)按排尿时血液出现的时间可分为初血尿、终末血尿及全程血尿。 1.初血尿:排尿时最先部分染有血色,其余部
Hematuria is the most common and important symptom of urological diseases. In the surgical clinic patients often encounter hematuria, as an outpatient encounter hematuria patients from where to check, how to hematuria analysis, diagnosis, which for every doctor should be familiar with and grasp. Normal urine after centrifugation, under a microscope in a high power field may have 0-1 red blood cells, if more than this number is hematuria. First, the classification of hematuria (a) according to the number of red blood cells in urine can be divided into microscopic hematuria (microscopic hematuria) and ocular hematuria (gross hematuria). Microscopic hematuria more recognized standard is: use urine 10ml, 1500 rev / min, a total of 5 minutes. Residue smear 400 times in the field of vision, 10 fields can see more than 10 red blood cells. If you see 5 to 10 suspicious, less than 5 are physiological. If the urine is not centrifuged, 10 fields can see 3 to 5 red blood cells, that is, hematuria. 2. Macroscopic hematuria: the eye is a bloody urine, urine mixed with more than 0.1% of the blood, you can become gross hematuria. If the urine mixed with 10% of the blood, clotting or clots can occur. (B) according to the urination time of the blood can be divided into early hematuria, hematuria and hematuria. 1. First hematuria: the first part of the urine when stained with blood, the rest