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目的了解城市中小学生及家长食品营养标签知晓和使用情况,为推动国家食品营养标签健康教育行动的实施提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对沈阳、广州、武汉、成都4城市11 394名学生和13 554名家长进行食品营养标签知晓和使用情况问卷调查。结果被调查学生、家长对食品营养标签的知晓率分别是86.6%,79.4%,全部答对必须标示的能量和核心营养素的比例分别仅为11.7%,8.8%,其中钠的知晓率均最低(分别为38.6%,37.4%)。仅有14.6%的学生和15.0%的家长会经常使用食品营养标签选购食物。不同地区、性别、学段学生对营养标签的使用率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为99.846,35.141,41.917,P值均<0.01)。不同地区、性别、文化程度、职业、家庭经济水平的家长对营养标签的使用率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为36.815,117.708,23.162,17.836,113.729,P值均<0.05)。家长对食品营养标签、必须标示的能量和核心营养素知晓率高的学生营养标签知晓率高(χ2值分别为351.048,36.865,P值均<0.01),家长使用食品营养标签选购食物率高的学生食品营养标签使用率高(χ2=276.326,P<0.01)。结论城市学生、家长对于食品营养标签的知晓率较高,但对食品营养标签具体标示的内容知晓率和使用率低。需继续加大食品营养标签的宣传力度,并提高家长营养素养和营养教育能力。
Objective To understand the awareness and use of food nutrition labels for primary and secondary school students and parents in cities and provide a scientific basis for the implementation of the national education on nutrition labeling of food nutrition. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to survey 11 394 students and 13 554 parents in 4 cities of Shenyang, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Chengdu, and to investigate the use of food nutrition labels. Results The awareness rates of nutritional labeling of foodstuffs were 86.6% and 79.4% respectively for the students and parents surveyed. The proportions of energy and core nutrients that had to be labeled for all the answers were only 11.7% and 8.8%, respectively, of which the awareness rate of sodium was the lowest 38.6%, 37.4%). Only 14.6% of students and 15.0% of parents regularly use food nutrition labels to buy food. There were significant differences in the utilization rates of nutrition labels among students in different regions, gender and school (χ2 = 99.846, 35.141, 41.917, P <0.01 respectively). There was significant difference in the utilization rate of nutrition labels among parents of different regions, sexes, educational level, occupation and family economy (χ2 values were 36.815,117.708,23.162,17.836,113.729, P <0.05 respectively). Parents had a high awareness of nutritional labeling of food, labeling of energy and high awareness of core nutrients (χ2 = 351.048, 36.865, P <0.01 respectively). Parents also used food nutrition labels to select foods with high food rates Student nutrition labeling use of food is high (χ2 = 276.326, P <0.01). Conclusion Urban students and parents have higher awareness rate of food nutrition labeling, but they have lower awareness rate and utilization rate of labeling of food nutrition labeling. It is necessary to continue to increase the propaganda of food nutrition labels and to improve parents’ nutrition literacy and nutrition education ability.