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以化工过程的可持续性为着眼点,从过程全生命周期出发研究并建立生命周期分析法,表征化工过程的资源利用效率和热力学效率。鉴于目前尚无标准的可持续性评价指标体系和方法理论框架,本文以资源利用率和过程目的效率建立可持续性综合指标体系,并建立与模拟软件相结合的通用过程分析框架,用于量化分析不同过程方案的可持续性水平,借助过程生命周期的效率elsankey图,识别生产过程中资源利用效率低的环节。利用该框架对2种合成气生产工艺开展可持续性系统评估,研究结果表明:(1)天然气蒸汽转化工艺的资源利用率要低于水煤浆气化工艺,但前者的过程目的效率较高;(2)传热和燃烧过程的损失是热力学效率降低的主要原因,导致2种工艺的可持续水平都偏低,存在很大的提升空间。生命周期分析法可有效的评价过程可持续性程度,为系统优化分析和过程选择提供支持。
Focusing on the sustainability of chemical processes, this paper studies and establishes a life-cycle analysis method from the process life cycle to characterize the resource utilization efficiency and thermodynamic efficiency of chemical processes. In view of the fact that there is no standard sustainable evaluation index system and method theoretical framework at present, this paper establishes a comprehensive sustainability index system based on resource utilization and process goal efficiency and establishes a general process analysis framework combined with simulation software to quantify Analyze the sustainability of different process scenarios and identify elsankey maps of process efficiency to identify inefficient use of resources in the production process. The results of the research show that: (1) the resource utilization rate of natural gas steam reforming process is lower than that of coal-water slurry gasification process, but the former purpose of the process is more efficient ; (2) The loss of heat transfer and combustion process is the main reason for the decrease of thermodynamic efficiency. As a result, the sustainability of both technologies is low and there is much room for improvement. The life cycle analysis method can effectively evaluate the degree of process sustainability and provide support for system optimization analysis and process selection.