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成人迟发自身免疫糖尿病(LADA)属于1型糖尿病,但其早期表现与2型糖尿病相似。LADA与经典1型糖尿病的区别在于其胰岛β细胞所受免疫损害呈缓慢性,因此其可作为l型糖尿病免疫学研究的一种人类模型。尽管临床上还没有明确对于该疾病的国际诊断标准,LADA的诊断应从临床特征、易感基因、免疫标志、组织病理等方面综合考虑,其中胰岛自身抗体是诊断LADA的重要指标。早期应用胰岛素可能对部分LADA患者胰岛细胞有保护作用。研究LADA患者的病理改变有助于了解β细胞的免疫破坏进程,并为1型糖尿病的预防甚至治愈提供依据。
Delayed autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is type 1 diabetes, but its early manifestation is similar to type 2 diabetes. The difference between LADA and classical type 1 diabetes is that the islet beta cells are slowly immunocompromised and therefore can be used as a human model for the immunological study of type 1 diabetes. Although the international diagnostic criteria for this disease are not yet defined clinically, the diagnosis of LADA should be comprehensively considered in terms of clinical features, susceptibility genes, immune markers, histopathology, etc. The diagnosis of LADA is an important indicator of LADA. Early application of insulin may protect islet cells in some LADA patients. Study of pathological changes in patients with LADA help to understand the β-cell immune destruction process, and provide a basis for the prevention or even cure of type 1 diabetes.