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苏联自建国以来卫生事业取得很大成就。在沙皇统治时期,居民的平均寿命只有32岁,婴儿死亡率为270‰,1/3以上的城市没有医院,10万人中的医生数不到2人,边远地区缺医少药的情况更为严重,农村地区几乎没有医疗服务。十月革命胜利后,卫生保健事业有了很大发展,人民的健康水平大大提高,从事卫生保健工作的人员也显著增多,目前共有医生133.3万名,即每万人中有38.5名;中级医务人员290万,每万人中有107.3名。哈萨克和中亚细亚诸共和国的医务人员数与居民人数之比已超过英国、法国和日本。与1940年比较,医生人数的增长:立陶宛差不多7倍,爱沙尼亚约6倍,拉脱维亚4倍多。医生的培训方法在组织和教学上也作了一些改变,把内科、外科和儿科的教学放在一个教研室里,在四年级至六年级时进行。学生生产实习时参加急诊和急救值班,在大医院里参与接诊工作,并用很多时间在综
Since the founding of the Soviet Union, the health industry has made great achievements. In the Tsarist period, the average life expectancy of the residents was only 32 years old, the infant mortality rate was 270‰, there was no hospital in more than 1/3 of the cities, and there were less than 2 doctors in 100,000 people. The lack of medical treatment in remote areas was even worse. Seriously, there are almost no medical services in rural areas. After the victory of the October Revolution, health care has made great progress, the health of the people has greatly improved, and the number of people engaged in health care has also increased significantly. There are currently 1.333 million doctors, or 38.5 per 10,000; intermediate medical services. There are 2.9 million people, 107.3 per 10,000 people. The ratio of the number of medical personnel to the number of residents in Kazakhstan and the Republic of Central Asia has surpassed that of Britain, France and Japan. Compared with 1940, the increase in the number of doctors was almost 7 times that in Lithuania, 6 times in Estonia, and more than 4 times in Latvia. The doctor’s training methods have also undergone some changes in organization and teaching. The teaching of internal medicine, surgery, and pediatrics has been placed in a teaching and research section, and is conducted from the fourth to the sixth grade. During the production internship, students attend emergency and first-aid duty classes, participate in the admissions work in large hospitals, and spend a lot of time