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虚拟语气是高中英语语法教学中的一个难点,同时也是历年高考中常考考点。它表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设、建议、猜测等。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表现。本文结合历年考题对该语法项目加以解析,以期对同学们复习有所启发。
一、状语从句中表虚拟语气的考点
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法和if条件句中虚拟语气的倒装
(1) if从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生一种不可能获得的结果,此时产生虚拟语气现象。主从句的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的表达方式,其表现如下表:
[典型考题]
①This printer is of good quality. If it ______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (09天津)
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
②______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. (07全国II )
A. If B. Since
C. Though D. When
③If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ______ all day. (08全国II)
A. rained B. rains
C. has rained D. is raining
【解析】 ①B。根据前后句可知,if从句是表示将来的虚拟语气,故用should。
②A。 由句中谓语动词形式可知,本句是对过去的事情进行假设,是虚拟语气,几个选项中只有if可用于虚拟语气。
③A。 本题考查虚拟语气与时态的联系。题干前半句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟。而But后面的句子陈述的是一个过去的事实,故用一般过去时。
(2)通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的; 但有时也可能指不同的时间, 此为“错综时间虚拟句”。这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。
[典型考题]
①It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ___ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (02上海)
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
【解析】 ①B。本句是错综时间的虚拟语气,宾语从句中的主句对现在的虚拟,而从句根据at the age of seven可知,是对过去的虚拟,故用had not fallen。
(3)表示虚拟语气情况下,if可省略,此时将从句中were或would(should,could, might), had助动词移至主语前形成句子倒装。
[典型考题]
①What would have happened ______, as far as the river bank? (01上海)
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther
【解析】 ①C。由句意可知此题考查虚拟语气。又由主句谓语动词用would have happened可知,从句主句谓语应用had + 过去分词,if省略时,把had置于句首。
(4)含蓄条件句:有时句子中表示假设的虚拟语气并不带有明显的虚拟条件句,而是用without, with, but for(要不是)等介词或介词短语; otherwise, but, or, or else等连词引导句子“含蓄地”表示一定的条件。
[典型考题]
①But for the help of my English teacher, I ______ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (09福建)
A. would not win
B. would not have won
C. would win
D. would have won
②Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you. (08山东)
A. can manageB. could have managed
C. could manageD. can have managed
【解析】 ①B。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反,But for the help of my English teacher相当于If it had not been for the help of my English teacher,因此主句用would not have won。②B。without you在本句相当于if you hadn’t worked hard last week, 故是对过去动作进行虚拟,因此主句用could have managed。
(5) If only意为“真希望、若……那就好了”,常常把主句省略,If only句中动词用虚拟语气,谓语动词情况如下表:
[典型考题]
①Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ____ your advice. ( 03上海春)
A. followed B. would follow
C. had followed D. should follow
【解析】 ①C。If only所在的句子表示与过去事实相反的假设。
2. as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句表示真实情况时,用陈述语气;否则就用虚拟语气,在虚拟语气中从句中的谓语动词用法和if only相同。
[典型考题]
①When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____ . (95全国)
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
②Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _____ yesterday. (06全国II)
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened D. happened
【解析】 ①C。句意为“当一只铅笔部分置入水中时,铅笔看起来就像断了似的。”很显然,as if引导的表语从句是一种不真实情况,故用虚拟语气,又因是一种常识,因此用一般过去时。
②D。as if引导的状语从句中使用虚拟语气,指现在状况,用一般过去时。
3. 在由for fear that, in case, lest 等引导的目的状语从句中,从句可以用 “should + 动词原形”,意为“惟恐、以免”。例如:
Care must be taken in using this method lest(for fear that, in case) overflow should occur.在使用这种方法的时候要小心谨慎,以免发生溢流现象。
二、名词性从句中表虚拟语气的考点
1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句中
(1)表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词有insist,order, command,recommend,advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, ask, urge, desire等,这类虚拟语气由“(should) + 动词原形”构成。但insist表“坚持说、坚持认为”,suggest表“暗示、表明”时,后面的宾语从句不用陈述语气,而用虚拟语气。
[典型考题]
①The doctor recommended that you_____ swim after eating a large meal.(09浙江)
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
②Jane’s pale face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she_____ a medical examination.(94上海)
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
【解析】 ①D。recommend表示“建议” 其宾语从句中的谓语动词用should + 动词原形, 其中should可以省略, 故选should。 ②B。第一个空中suggest表示“暗示” 这时suggest引导的从句要根据需要而定,主句用过去时所以从句也用过去时的某一种故选was。 第二个空中suggest表示“建议” ,其宾语从句中的谓语动词should + 动词原形, 其中should可以省略, 故选have。
(2)以it充当形式宾语,宾语补足语是important, necessary, advisable, desirable, possible等形容词时,放在形容词后的真正的宾语从句用虚拟语气,即(should) + 动词原形。
[典型考题]
① — Don’t you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?
— I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.(05江苏)
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
【解析】①B。第一空由结构可知,necessary后的宾语从句应用(should) + 动词原形,又因此从句主语与动词send是被动关系,故用(should) not be sent;第二空的引导词引导的是表语从句,从句有用省略结构,其完整结构是“he has refused to be sent to New York”,由完整结构可知,该从句不缺成分,故用that。
(3)wish 引导的宾语从句表虚拟语气时,从句中的谓语动词和if only后表虚拟语气的从句的谓语动词用法相同。
[典型考题]
①How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02上海春)
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had
【解析】 ①B。由句意可知是对现在的“希望”,wish后的宾语从句应用一般过去时。
(4)would rather引导的宾语从句表虚拟语气时, 如果从句表示动作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指将来或现在动作,则用过去时(be动词只用were形式)。
[典型考题]
①Most insurance agents would rather you _____ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.(08江西重点中学协作体联考)
A. do B. don’t
C. didn’t D. didn’t do
② — Do you mind if I open the window?
— ______ I feel a bit cold.(04广东)
A. Of course not.
B. I’d rather you didn’t.
C. Go ahead.
D. Why not?
【解析】 ①D。would rather后的宾语从句应表示一种现状,故用一般过去时,又因do是实义动词,因此其否定形式是didn’t do。
②B。根据I feel a bit cold可知,听话者是不同意打开窗户的,A,C,D选项都是表同意,只有I’d rather you didn’t表示对要打开窗户的建议表示不同意,表将来的动作would rather 后用过去时。
2. 虚拟语气用于主语从句中
在“It is necessary(important, natural, desirable, advisable, strange等) + that从句”或“在It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, required等表示“愿望,建议, 命令,要求”的词) + that从句”或“It was a pity(a shame, no wonder等) + that从句”结构中,It是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。该结构的that从句中谓语动词常用(should) + 动词原形。
[典型考题]
①It is necessary that a college student _____ at least one foreign language.(93上海)
A. masters B. should master
C. mastered D. will master
②It is required that the students _____ mobile phones in their school, so seldom _____ them using one.(08石家庄毕业班教学检测)
A. not use; will you see
B. should not use; you will see
C. don’t use; will you see
D. should not use; you will see
【解析】 ①B。It is necessary…结构中主语从句常用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”。
②A。 It is required…结构中主语从句常用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”,所以第一空用(should) not use;因seldom位于句首时,该句常用部分倒装,故第二空应用will you see。
3. 虚拟语气用于同位语从句中
某些表示“建议“、“命令”、“要求”等的名词(advice, request, order, demand, proposal, suggestion,等)的同位语从句中谓语动词形式常用(should) + 动词原形。
[典型考题]
①We should consider the students’ request ______ the school library provide more books on popular science.(09重庆)
A. that B. when
C. which D. where
【解析】 ①A。“the school library provide more books on popular science”是对名词request的具体解释,因此是同位语从句,又因该从句句意完整,故用that。同时该从句谓语动词用了虚拟语气(should) + 动词原形。
4. 虚拟语气用于表语从句中
主语是advice, order, demand, proposal, suggestion, request表示“建议“、“命令”、“要求”等名词时,表语从句其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should) + 动词原形”。例如:
My advice is that we (should) do exercises first.我的建议是我们先做练习。
三、定语从句中表虚拟语气的考点
1. 在 “ It is (about / high ) time + that从句” 中,谓语动词常用过去式或should + 动词原形表示虚拟语气,且should不能省略。例如:
It is time that the government took(should take) measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
是政府该采取措施保护珍稀鸟类和珍稀动物的时候了。
四、简单句中表虚拟语气的考点
1. 某些情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词表达过去本来怎样,而事实并非如此。如ought to / should have + done(本应该做……而实际上没做),needn’t have + done或didn’t need to do(本不必做……实际上做了),might have + done(本可以做……而实际上没做),could have + done(本来能做……实际上未做)等。
[典型考题]
① — My cat’s really fat.
— You ______ have given her so much food. ( 07浙江)
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
② — Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. ( 05福建)
A. needn’t doB. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t doD. shouldn’t have done
【解析】 ①C。在该对话中第二句对第一句“我们的猫确实很肥!”进行责备,意为“你本不应该给她吃那么多的食物”。
②B。由“我自己能做”可知,“你本没有必要帮我打扫”。
2. 虚拟语气用于祝愿中,常见于may + 主语 + 动词原形。例如:
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
练一练
1. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t cut
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
2. Yesterday Jane walked away from discussion. Otherwise she _____ something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said
C. might say D. might have said
3. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come
C. came D. had come
4. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____ the rules.
A. obeys B. obey
C. will obey D. would obey
5. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier.
A. will be B. would have been
C. could have been D. would be
6. _____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
7. — I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.
— It’s time you ________.
A. doB. didC. hadD. would
8. Class regulations require ______ is the last to leave the classroom _____ off all the lights.
A. who; should turnB. Whom; shall turn
C. whomever; turnsD. whoever; turn
9. — Dad, can I surf the Internet?
— Again? I wish that you ______ going online ______ your health.
A. know; will do harm to
B. knew; is doing harm to
C. know; have done harm to
D. knew; were doing harm to
10. — Why are you so late.
— I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I _____ earlier.
A. arrived B. have arrived
C. would arrive D. would have arrived
11. — If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.
— What a pity!Tina ___ here to see you.
A. is B. was
C. would be D. has been
12. It is required in the regulations that you ______ other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell
C. not tell D. would not tell
13. You understand not only what the rule says but what it means, as if you yourself ______ it.
A. make B. made
C. have made D. had made
14. It was really a wonderful match.If only I ______ them play again.
A. can watch B. will watch
C. could watch D.would have watched
15. — I’ve told everyone about it.
— Oh, I’d rather you ________.
A. don’t B. hadn’t
C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
参考答案:1—5 CDDBD
6—10 BBDBD11—15 BCDCB
一、状语从句中表虚拟语气的考点
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法和if条件句中虚拟语气的倒装
(1) if从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生一种不可能获得的结果,此时产生虚拟语气现象。主从句的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的表达方式,其表现如下表:
[典型考题]
①This printer is of good quality. If it ______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (09天津)
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
②______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. (07全国II )
A. If B. Since
C. Though D. When
③If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ______ all day. (08全国II)
A. rained B. rains
C. has rained D. is raining
【解析】 ①B。根据前后句可知,if从句是表示将来的虚拟语气,故用should。
②A。 由句中谓语动词形式可知,本句是对过去的事情进行假设,是虚拟语气,几个选项中只有if可用于虚拟语气。
③A。 本题考查虚拟语气与时态的联系。题干前半句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟。而But后面的句子陈述的是一个过去的事实,故用一般过去时。
(2)通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的; 但有时也可能指不同的时间, 此为“错综时间虚拟句”。这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。
[典型考题]
①It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ___ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (02上海)
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
【解析】 ①B。本句是错综时间的虚拟语气,宾语从句中的主句对现在的虚拟,而从句根据at the age of seven可知,是对过去的虚拟,故用had not fallen。
(3)表示虚拟语气情况下,if可省略,此时将从句中were或would(should,could, might), had助动词移至主语前形成句子倒装。
[典型考题]
①What would have happened ______, as far as the river bank? (01上海)
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther
【解析】 ①C。由句意可知此题考查虚拟语气。又由主句谓语动词用would have happened可知,从句主句谓语应用had + 过去分词,if省略时,把had置于句首。
(4)含蓄条件句:有时句子中表示假设的虚拟语气并不带有明显的虚拟条件句,而是用without, with, but for(要不是)等介词或介词短语; otherwise, but, or, or else等连词引导句子“含蓄地”表示一定的条件。
[典型考题]
①But for the help of my English teacher, I ______ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (09福建)
A. would not win
B. would not have won
C. would win
D. would have won
②Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you. (08山东)
A. can manageB. could have managed
C. could manageD. can have managed
【解析】 ①B。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反,But for the help of my English teacher相当于If it had not been for the help of my English teacher,因此主句用would not have won。②B。without you在本句相当于if you hadn’t worked hard last week, 故是对过去动作进行虚拟,因此主句用could have managed。
(5) If only意为“真希望、若……那就好了”,常常把主句省略,If only句中动词用虚拟语气,谓语动词情况如下表:
[典型考题]
①Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ____ your advice. ( 03上海春)
A. followed B. would follow
C. had followed D. should follow
【解析】 ①C。If only所在的句子表示与过去事实相反的假设。
2. as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句表示真实情况时,用陈述语气;否则就用虚拟语气,在虚拟语气中从句中的谓语动词用法和if only相同。
[典型考题]
①When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____ . (95全国)
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
②Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _____ yesterday. (06全国II)
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened D. happened
【解析】 ①C。句意为“当一只铅笔部分置入水中时,铅笔看起来就像断了似的。”很显然,as if引导的表语从句是一种不真实情况,故用虚拟语气,又因是一种常识,因此用一般过去时。
②D。as if引导的状语从句中使用虚拟语气,指现在状况,用一般过去时。
3. 在由for fear that, in case, lest 等引导的目的状语从句中,从句可以用 “should + 动词原形”,意为“惟恐、以免”。例如:
Care must be taken in using this method lest(for fear that, in case) overflow should occur.在使用这种方法的时候要小心谨慎,以免发生溢流现象。
二、名词性从句中表虚拟语气的考点
1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句中
(1)表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词有insist,order, command,recommend,advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, ask, urge, desire等,这类虚拟语气由“(should) + 动词原形”构成。但insist表“坚持说、坚持认为”,suggest表“暗示、表明”时,后面的宾语从句不用陈述语气,而用虚拟语气。
[典型考题]
①The doctor recommended that you_____ swim after eating a large meal.(09浙江)
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
②Jane’s pale face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she_____ a medical examination.(94上海)
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
【解析】 ①D。recommend表示“建议” 其宾语从句中的谓语动词用should + 动词原形, 其中should可以省略, 故选should。 ②B。第一个空中suggest表示“暗示” 这时suggest引导的从句要根据需要而定,主句用过去时所以从句也用过去时的某一种故选was。 第二个空中suggest表示“建议” ,其宾语从句中的谓语动词should + 动词原形, 其中should可以省略, 故选have。
(2)以it充当形式宾语,宾语补足语是important, necessary, advisable, desirable, possible等形容词时,放在形容词后的真正的宾语从句用虚拟语气,即(should) + 动词原形。
[典型考题]
① — Don’t you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?
— I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.(05江苏)
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
【解析】①B。第一空由结构可知,necessary后的宾语从句应用(should) + 动词原形,又因此从句主语与动词send是被动关系,故用(should) not be sent;第二空的引导词引导的是表语从句,从句有用省略结构,其完整结构是“he has refused to be sent to New York”,由完整结构可知,该从句不缺成分,故用that。
(3)wish 引导的宾语从句表虚拟语气时,从句中的谓语动词和if only后表虚拟语气的从句的谓语动词用法相同。
[典型考题]
①How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02上海春)
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had
【解析】 ①B。由句意可知是对现在的“希望”,wish后的宾语从句应用一般过去时。
(4)would rather引导的宾语从句表虚拟语气时, 如果从句表示动作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指将来或现在动作,则用过去时(be动词只用were形式)。
[典型考题]
①Most insurance agents would rather you _____ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.(08江西重点中学协作体联考)
A. do B. don’t
C. didn’t D. didn’t do
② — Do you mind if I open the window?
— ______ I feel a bit cold.(04广东)
A. Of course not.
B. I’d rather you didn’t.
C. Go ahead.
D. Why not?
【解析】 ①D。would rather后的宾语从句应表示一种现状,故用一般过去时,又因do是实义动词,因此其否定形式是didn’t do。
②B。根据I feel a bit cold可知,听话者是不同意打开窗户的,A,C,D选项都是表同意,只有I’d rather you didn’t表示对要打开窗户的建议表示不同意,表将来的动作would rather 后用过去时。
2. 虚拟语气用于主语从句中
在“It is necessary(important, natural, desirable, advisable, strange等) + that从句”或“在It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, required等表示“愿望,建议, 命令,要求”的词) + that从句”或“It was a pity(a shame, no wonder等) + that从句”结构中,It是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。该结构的that从句中谓语动词常用(should) + 动词原形。
[典型考题]
①It is necessary that a college student _____ at least one foreign language.(93上海)
A. masters B. should master
C. mastered D. will master
②It is required that the students _____ mobile phones in their school, so seldom _____ them using one.(08石家庄毕业班教学检测)
A. not use; will you see
B. should not use; you will see
C. don’t use; will you see
D. should not use; you will see
【解析】 ①B。It is necessary…结构中主语从句常用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”。
②A。 It is required…结构中主语从句常用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”,所以第一空用(should) not use;因seldom位于句首时,该句常用部分倒装,故第二空应用will you see。
3. 虚拟语气用于同位语从句中
某些表示“建议“、“命令”、“要求”等的名词(advice, request, order, demand, proposal, suggestion,等)的同位语从句中谓语动词形式常用(should) + 动词原形。
[典型考题]
①We should consider the students’ request ______ the school library provide more books on popular science.(09重庆)
A. that B. when
C. which D. where
【解析】 ①A。“the school library provide more books on popular science”是对名词request的具体解释,因此是同位语从句,又因该从句句意完整,故用that。同时该从句谓语动词用了虚拟语气(should) + 动词原形。
4. 虚拟语气用于表语从句中
主语是advice, order, demand, proposal, suggestion, request表示“建议“、“命令”、“要求”等名词时,表语从句其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should) + 动词原形”。例如:
My advice is that we (should) do exercises first.我的建议是我们先做练习。
三、定语从句中表虚拟语气的考点
1. 在 “ It is (about / high ) time + that从句” 中,谓语动词常用过去式或should + 动词原形表示虚拟语气,且should不能省略。例如:
It is time that the government took(should take) measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
是政府该采取措施保护珍稀鸟类和珍稀动物的时候了。
四、简单句中表虚拟语气的考点
1. 某些情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词表达过去本来怎样,而事实并非如此。如ought to / should have + done(本应该做……而实际上没做),needn’t have + done或didn’t need to do(本不必做……实际上做了),might have + done(本可以做……而实际上没做),could have + done(本来能做……实际上未做)等。
[典型考题]
① — My cat’s really fat.
— You ______ have given her so much food. ( 07浙江)
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
② — Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. ( 05福建)
A. needn’t doB. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t doD. shouldn’t have done
【解析】 ①C。在该对话中第二句对第一句“我们的猫确实很肥!”进行责备,意为“你本不应该给她吃那么多的食物”。
②B。由“我自己能做”可知,“你本没有必要帮我打扫”。
2. 虚拟语气用于祝愿中,常见于may + 主语 + 动词原形。例如:
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
练一练
1. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t cut
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
2. Yesterday Jane walked away from discussion. Otherwise she _____ something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said
C. might say D. might have said
3. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come
C. came D. had come
4. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____ the rules.
A. obeys B. obey
C. will obey D. would obey
5. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier.
A. will be B. would have been
C. could have been D. would be
6. _____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
7. — I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.
— It’s time you ________.
A. doB. didC. hadD. would
8. Class regulations require ______ is the last to leave the classroom _____ off all the lights.
A. who; should turnB. Whom; shall turn
C. whomever; turnsD. whoever; turn
9. — Dad, can I surf the Internet?
— Again? I wish that you ______ going online ______ your health.
A. know; will do harm to
B. knew; is doing harm to
C. know; have done harm to
D. knew; were doing harm to
10. — Why are you so late.
— I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I _____ earlier.
A. arrived B. have arrived
C. would arrive D. would have arrived
11. — If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.
— What a pity!Tina ___ here to see you.
A. is B. was
C. would be D. has been
12. It is required in the regulations that you ______ other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell
C. not tell D. would not tell
13. You understand not only what the rule says but what it means, as if you yourself ______ it.
A. make B. made
C. have made D. had made
14. It was really a wonderful match.If only I ______ them play again.
A. can watch B. will watch
C. could watch D.would have watched
15. — I’ve told everyone about it.
— Oh, I’d rather you ________.
A. don’t B. hadn’t
C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
参考答案:1—5 CDDBD
6—10 BBDBD11—15 BCDCB