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目的了解泸县一中学生营养状况和变化趋势,为政府制定农村寄宿制学校学生营养干预措施提供参考。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对泸县一中2006-2011年的学生健康状况监测资料进行分析。结果 6年间共评价学生41 579人,平均营养不良率、超重率和肥胖率分别为21.46%、7.19%和3.23%。2006-2011年营养不良率分别为26.70%、22.88%、21.36%、19.66%、20.14%和18.98%,呈下降趋势(P<0.01);超重率分别为6.02%、6.99%、6.44%、9.16%、7.31%和7.04%,肥胖率分别为2.64%、2.98%、2.69%、3.78%、3.26%和3.89%,超重率和肥胖率均呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。结论该校学生营养状况逐年得到改善,但是营养不良与营养过剩并存,还存在一定比例的重度和极重营养不良,高中生的营养状况更令人堪忧。在农村全面实施义务教育学生和高中阶段学生营养改善计划和采取针对性的营养干预措施势在必行。
Objective To understand the nutritional status and the changing trend of the middle and high school students in Lu county and provide references for the government to develop the nutritional interventions for students in rural boarding schools. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the monitoring data of health status of students in Lu County from 2006 to 2011. Results A total of 41 579 students were assessed during the 6 years. The average rate of malnutrition, overweight and obesity were 21.46%, 7.19% and 3.23%, respectively. The rates of malnutrition in 2006-2011 were 26.70%, 22.88%, 21.36%, 19.66%, 20.14% and 18.98% respectively, showing a decreasing trend (P <0.01); the rates of overweight were 6.02%, 6.99%, 6.44%, 9.16 %, 7.31% and 7.04% respectively. The obesity rates were 2.64%, 2.98%, 2.69%, 3.78%, 3.26% and 3.89% respectively. The rates of overweight and obesity all showed an increasing trend (P <0.01). Conclusion The nutritional status of students in this school has been improved year by year, but malnutrition and excess nutrition coexist. There is also a certain proportion of severe and extreme malnutrition. The nutritional status of high school students is even more worrying. The full implementation of compulsory education in rural areas and high school students nutrition improvement plan and take targeted nutrition intervention is imperative.