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目的研究儿童乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)感染状况及乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)水平,探讨乙肝疫苗的免疫效果和持久性,为制定非新生儿人群乙肝疫苗免疫策略提供依据。方法于2005年采集有明确乙肝疫苗免疫史、不同免疫程序的1~15岁人群血清444份,检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)和抗-HBs,分析比较免疫和加强免疫后抗-HBs水平和持久性;同时与1992年乙肝疫苗免疫前的本底资料相比较。结果2005年各年龄组儿童HBsAg携带率较1992年均有显著下降;免疫后5年抗-HBs保护阳性率和抗-HBs阳性率均明显下降,其中抗-HBs阳性率下降至1992年自然感染水平;免疫5年后行加强免疫,抗-HBs保护阳性率和抗-HBs阳性率显著高于未加强免疫组。结论接种乙肝疫苗是控制人群HBV感染的有效措施;免疫后间隔5年行加强免疫使免疫持久性得到保证。
Objective To study the status of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatitis B virus surface antibody (anti-HBs) in children and to explore the immune effect and persistence of Hepatitis B vaccine, so as to provide basis for formulating Hepatitis B vaccine immunization strategy in non-neonatal population. Methods A total of 444 serum samples from 1 to 15-year-olds who had a clear history of hepatitis B vaccine immunization and different immunization procedures were collected in 2005. HBsAg and anti-HBs were detected. The level of anti-HBs and the level of anti- Persistence; at the same time with the 1992 hepatitis B vaccine background information prior to comparison. Results The incidence of HBsAg in children of all age groups in 2005 was significantly lower than that in 1992. The positive rate of anti-HBs and the positive rate of anti-HBs were significantly decreased 5 years after immunization, and the positive rate of anti-HBs decreased to natural infection in 1992 Level. After five years of immunization, the positive rate of anti-HBs positive and the positive rate of anti-HBs were significantly higher than those of the non-boosted group. Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination is an effective measure to control HBV infection in the population. After five years of immunization, boosting immunity is carried out to ensure the immunity persistence.