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88年高考物理试题中有一道估算题。答案中给出的二个答案数量级相同,有效数字不同,这正是估算题的特色所在。本文拟通过该题的分折,把常见的估算题集锦观斑。一、给出条件有一取值范围的估算题本题就属于这种类型的估算题(室温任取)。题:有一真空容器,在室温下容器内的气压为10~(-3)帕,估算该容器内1厘米~2气体中的分子数。估算时,取一位有效数字,1标准大气压=1×10~5帕,阿伏伽德罗常数N=6x10~(23)摩~(-1)。
In the 88th college entrance examination physics test, there is an estimation question. The two answers given in the answer are of the same order of magnitude, with different valid figures. This is the characteristic of the estimation question. This article intends to use the split of this question to highlight the common estimation questions. First, give an estimate of the conditions of a range of questions This question belongs to this type of estimation questions (arbitrary room temperature). Problem: There is a vacuum vessel. The pressure in the vessel is 10~(-3) Pa at room temperature, and the number of molecules in 1 cm~2 gas in the vessel is estimated. When estimating, take a valid number, 1 standard atmospheric pressure = 1 × 10 ~ 5 Pa, Avogadro constant N = 6x10 ~ (23) Mo ~ (-1).